{"id":"CVE-2015-8651","published":"2015-12-28T23:59:19Z","modified":"2026-06-17T00:34:57Z","title":"Adobe Flash Player Integer Overflow Vulnerability","vendor":"Adobe","product":"Flash Player","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"Integer overflow in Adobe Flash Player before 18.0.0.324 and 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.267 on Windows and OS X and before 11.2.202.559 on Linux, Adobe AIR before 20.0.0.233, Adobe AIR SDK before 20.0.0.233, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.233 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via unspecified vectors.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"Adobe Flash Player contains an integer overflow flaw (CWE-189, Integer Overflow or Wraparound) in versions before 18.0.0.324, 19.x and 20.x before 20.0.0.267 on Windows and OS X, and before 11.2.202.559 on Linux, and the same flaw is present in Adobe AIR, Adobe AIR SDK, and Adobe AIR SDK & Compiler before 20.0.0.233. An attacker can execute arbitrary code over the network without authentication, but the attack requires user interaction, such as the victim opening crafted content.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-23T07:06:43Z"},"cvss":{"score":8.8,"severity":"HIGH","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.67698,"percentile":0.99313,"date":"2026-10-28","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2022-05-25","dueDate":"2022-06-15","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"The impacted product is end-of-life and should be disconnected if still in use.","notes":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-8651","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2015-12-28","exploitedFirstSeen":"2015-12-28","ransomware":true,"evidence":[{"url":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1lkNJ0uQwbeC1ZTRrxdtuPLCIl7mlUreoKfSIgajnSyY/edit","date":"2015-12-28"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20160104165148/http://drops.wooyun.org/tips/11726","date":"2015-12-31"},{"url":"https://www.forcepoint.com/blog/x-labs/missmalini-celebrity-site-awards-admedia-gate-angler-exploit-kit-during-oscars","date":"2016-03-01"},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/2016/12/06/readers-popular-websites-targeted-stealthy-stegano-exploit-kit-hiding-pixels-malicious-ads/","date":"2016-12-06"},{"url":"https://us-cert.cisa.gov/ncas/alerts/TA17-164A","date":"2017-06-13"},{"url":"https://cisa.gov/news-events/alerts/2017/06/13/hidden-cobra-north-koreas-ddos-botnet-infrastructure","date":"2017-08-23"},{"url":"https://blog.malwarebytes.com/cybercrime/2017/08/rig-exploit-kit-distributes-princess-ransomware/","date":"2017-08-31"},{"url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20220227045141/https://risksense.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/RiskSense-Spotlight-Report-Ransomware.pdf","date":"2019-09-01"},{"url":"https://cloudsek.com/threatintelligence/north-korean-threat-group-apt38-threat-intel-advisory/","date":"2021-01-27"},{"url":"https://cybersecurityworks.com/blog/ransomware/why-old-is-gold-for-ransomware.html","date":"2021-04-26"}],"evidenceTotal":12,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 18, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad38c22e1848f8189d1c121","created":"2026-10-17"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-190","name":"Integer Overflow or Wraparound"},{"id":"CWE-189","name":null}],"references":[{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2015-12/msg00045.html","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2015-12/msg00046.html","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2015-12/msg00047.html","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2015-12/msg00048.html","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-2697.html","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/79705","tags":["Broken Link","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1034544","tags":["Broken Link","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/docDisplay?docId=emr_na-c05356388","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/docDisplay?docId=emr_na-c05385680","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/docDisplay?docId=emr_na-c05390722","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/flash-player/apsb16-01.html","tags":["Not Applicable","Patch","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201601-03","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2015-12/msg00045.html","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2015-12/msg00046.html","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2015-12/msg00047.html","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2015-12/msg00048.html","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://rhn.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2015-2697.html","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/79705","tags":["Broken Link","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1034544","tags":["Broken Link","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/docDisplay?docId=emr_na-c05356388","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/docDisplay?docId=emr_na-c05385680","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://h20566.www2.hpe.com/portal/site/hpsc/public/kb/docDisplay?docId=emr_na-c05390722","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://helpx.adobe.com/security/products/flash-player/apsb16-01.html","tags":["Not Applicable","Patch","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/201601-03","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2015-8651","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1189","name":"Drive-by Compromise","tactics":["initial-access"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Integer Overflow","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[],"comment":"This vulnerability is exploited with maliciously-crafted code hosted on a website via drive-by compromise. It has been seen used in the wild by exploit kits whose goal is frequently to load ransomware onto the target machine.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1105","name":"Ingress Tool Transfer","tactics":["command-and-control"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Integer Overflow","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"This vulnerability is exploited with maliciously-crafted code hosted on a website via drive-by compromise. It has been seen used in the wild by exploit kits whose goal is frequently to load ransomware onto the target machine.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1486","name":"Data Encrypted for Impact","tactics":["impact"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Integer Overflow","mappingType":"secondary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"This vulnerability is exploited with maliciously-crafted code hosted on a website via drive-by compromise. It has been seen used in the wild by exploit kits whose goal is frequently to load ransomware onto the target machine.","confidence":"high"}],"reports":[{"id":"SRC-3d89b3537203eabaf47a","title":"RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes","publisher":"trendmicro.com","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html","date":"2017-02-27","mentions":[{"quote":"While the URL acts similarly to how eye-watch[.]in:443 delivers payloads, we also saw the URL leveraging and exploiting security flaws in Flash: CVE-2015-8651, CVE-2016-1019, and CVE-2016-4117.","start":7137,"end":7330}]},{"id":"SRC-9435b03195e7a0015d5e","title":"34273894723094830293843427389472309483029384","publisher":"services.google.com","url":"https://services.google.com/fh/files/misc/apt38-un-usual-suspects.pdf","date":null,"mentions":[{"quote":"(CVE-2016-4119, CVE-2016-1019, or CVE-2015-8651) based on the affected","start":69898,"end":69968}]},{"id":"SRC-93c55e10ab45afc37c85","title":"Microsoft Security","publisher":"download.microsoft.com","url":"https://download.microsoft.com/download/E/B/0/EB0F50CC-989C-4B66-B7F6-68CD3DC90DE3/Microsoft_Security_Intelligence_Report_Volume_21_English.pdf","date":null,"mentions":[{"quote":"Adobe Flash Player (CVE-2015-8651 and CVE-2015-0311), Java (CVE-2013-","start":100025,"end":100094},{"quote":"2016-1019, and CVE-2015-8651.","start":100887,"end":100916},{"quote":"64\r\nCVE-2013-0074, 56\r\nCVE-2013-0422, 57, 59\r\nCVE-2013-1493, 56\r\nCVE-2013-2423, 56\r\nCVE-2013-2460, 56\r\nCVE-2013-2551, 56\r\nCVE-2013-3896, 56\r\nCVE-2014-1761, 62\r\nCVE-2014-6332, 61\r\nCVE-2015-0072, 64\r\nCVE-2015-0310, 56\r\nCVE-2015-0311, 56\r\nCVE-2015-0313, 56\r\nCVE-2015-5119, 54, 63, 159\r\nCVE-2015-8651, 56,","start":261399,"end":261700}]}],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2015-8528","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2015-8528","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2022-05-25","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":null,"exploitRefs":[],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1189"],"provenance":"source"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1105"],"provenance":"source"},{"stage":"secondary","techniques":["T1486"],"provenance":"source"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2015-12-28","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2015-8651","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2015-12-28","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1lkNJ0uQwbeC1ZTRrxdtuPLCIl7mlUreoKfSIgajnSyY/edit","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2017-02-27","kind":"report","label":"Named in trendmicro.com: RATANKBA: Delving into Large-scale Watering Holes","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/17/b/ratankba-watering-holes-against-enterprises.html","provenance":"machine"},{"date":"2022-05-25","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2022-05-25","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2015-8528","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":null,"firstExploitFrom":null,"daysToKev":2340},"priority":{"score":81.8,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 3958 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":10.0,"detail":"CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV: Known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":19.86,"detail":"percentile 0.9931"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":7.74,"detail":"3 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":0.0,"detail":"none found"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":6.16,"detail":"base score 8.8"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]}}