{"id":"CVE-2016-4657","published":"2016-08-25T21:59:02Z","modified":"2026-06-17T00:47:58Z","title":"Apple iOS Webkit Memory Corruption Vulnerability","vendor":"Apple","product":"iOS","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"WebKit in Apple iOS before 9.3.5 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code or cause a denial of service (memory corruption) via a crafted web site.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"A memory corruption flaw in the WebKit browser engine of Apple iOS allows remote code execution or denial of service when a user visits a crafted web site. An attacker needs only to host or deliver such a page over the network, without authentication, and the victim must interact with it (for example by opening it in the browser).","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-23T07:10:26Z"},"cvss":{"score":8.8,"severity":"HIGH","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.66788,"percentile":0.99289,"date":"2026-10-28","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2022-05-24","dueDate":"2022-06-14","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","notes":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2016-4657","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2016-08-15","exploitedFirstSeen":"2016-08-15","ransomware":true,"evidence":[{"url":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1lkNJ0uQwbeC1ZTRrxdtuPLCIl7mlUreoKfSIgajnSyY/edit","date":"2016-08-15"},{"url":"https://citizenlab.ca/2016/08/million-dollar-dissident-iphone-zero-day-nso-group-uae/","date":"2016-08-24"},{"url":"https://cybersecurityworks.com/howdymanage/uploads/file/Spotlight%20Report%20-%20Index%20Update%20Q2%20-%20Q3%20-%20Final%20Version_compressed.pdf","date":"2022-05-18"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2022-05-24"},{"url":"https://info.securin.io/hubfs/Securin%20Ransomware%20Report%202023.pdf","date":"2023-02-14"},{"url":"https://storage.googleapis.com/gweb-uniblog-publish-prod/documents/Buying_Spying_-_Insights_into_Commercial_Surveillance_Vendors.pdf","date":"2024-02-06"}],"evidenceTotal":6,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 18, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad38c22e1848f8189d1c121","created":"2026-10-17"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-787","name":"Out-of-bounds Write"},{"id":"CWE-119","name":"Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer"}],"references":[{"url":"http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Aug/msg00000.html","tags":["Broken Link","Mailing List","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/92653","tags":["Broken Link","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036694","tags":["Broken Link","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"https://blog.lookout.com/blog/2016/08/25/trident-pegasus/","tags":["Broken Link"]},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/HT207107","tags":["Release Notes","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44836/","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xkdPjbaLngE","tags":["Exploit"]},{"url":"http://lists.apple.com/archives/security-announce/2016/Aug/msg00000.html","tags":["Broken Link","Mailing List","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"http://www.securityfocus.com/bid/92653","tags":["Broken Link","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"http://www.securitytracker.com/id/1036694","tags":["Broken Link","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"https://blog.lookout.com/blog/2016/08/25/trident-pegasus/","tags":["Broken Link"]},{"url":"https://support.apple.com/HT207107","tags":["Release Notes","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44836/","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xkdPjbaLngE","tags":["Exploit"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2016-4657","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1189","name":"Drive-by Compromise","tactics":["initial-access"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Drive-by via malicious website content","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"via a crafted web site","start":132,"end":154}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"},{"id":"T1059","name":"Command and Scripting Interpreter","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Arbitrary code execution from crafted content","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code","start":33,"end":82}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2016-5643","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2016-5643","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2022-05-24","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[{"id":44213,"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44213","title":"Nintendo Switch - WebKit Code Execution (PoC)","type":"dos","platform":"hardware","date":"2017-03-12","verified":false,"provenance":"source"},{"id":44836,"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44836","title":"WebKit - not_number defineProperties UAF (Metasploit)","type":"remote","platform":"ios","date":"2018-06-05","verified":true,"provenance":"source"}],"exploitSources":{"exploitdb":{"count":2,"earliest":"2017-03-12"},"pocGithub":{"count":3,"skipped":0,"earliest":"2017-03-13","earliestUrl":"https://github.com/Mimoja/CVE-2016-4657-NintendoSwitch","repos":[{"name":"iDaN5x/Switcheroo","url":"https://github.com/iDaN5x/Switcheroo","stars":56,"created":"2017-06-02"},{"name":"viai957/webkit-vulnerability","url":"https://github.com/viai957/webkit-vulnerability","stars":9,"created":"2018-11-11"},{"name":"Mimoja/CVE-2016-4657-NintendoSwitch","url":"https://github.com/Mimoja/CVE-2016-4657-NintendoSwitch","stars":3,"created":"2017-03-13"}]},"metasploit":[{"name":"WebKit not_number defineProperties UAF","module":"exploit/apple_ios/browser/webkit_trident","type":"exploit","disclosureDate":"2016-08-25","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/apple_ios/browser/webkit_trident.rb"}],"first":{"date":"2016-08-25","source":"Metasploit","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/apple_ios/browser/webkit_trident.rb"},"provenance":"source"},"exploitRefs":["https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/44836/","https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xkdPjbaLngE"],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1189"],"provenance":"ai"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1059"],"provenance":"ai"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2016-08-15","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1lkNJ0uQwbeC1ZTRrxdtuPLCIl7mlUreoKfSIgajnSyY/edit","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2016-08-25","kind":"published","label":"Published 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