{"id":"CVE-2020-12641","published":"2020-05-04T15:15:14Z","modified":"2026-06-17T02:52:03Z","title":"Roundcube Webmail Remote Code Execution Vulnerability","vendor":"Roundcube","product":"Roundcube Webmail","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"rcube_image.php in Roundcube Webmail before 1.4.4 allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via shell metacharacters in a configuration setting for im_convert_path or im_identify_path.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"Roundcube Webmail, the open-source webmail client, contains a flaw in its rcube_image.php component (versions before 1.4.4) where shell metacharacters are not neutralised in the im_convert_path or im_identify_path configuration settings. An attacker able to supply or influence those configuration values can inject operating system commands that are executed on the server.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-30T13:36:04Z"},"cvss":{"score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.84387,"percentile":0.99699,"date":"2026-10-30","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2023-06-22","dueDate":"2023-07-13","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","notes":"https://roundcube.net/news/2020/04/29/security-updates-1.4.4-1.3.11-and-1.2.10; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12641","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2023-06-20","exploitedFirstSeen":"2023-06-20","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://cert.gov.ua/article/4905829","date":"2023-06-20"},{"url":"https://go.recordedfuture.com/hubfs/reports/cta-2023-0620.pdf","date":"2023-06-20"},{"url":"https://www.recordedfuture.com/bluedelta-exploits-ukrainian-government-roundcube-mail-servers","date":"2023-06-20"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2023-06-22"},{"url":"https://blog.eclecticiq.com/spearphishing-campaign-targets-zimbra-webmail-portals-of-government-organizations","date":"2023-07-17"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/cybersecurity-advisories/aa25-141a","date":"2025-05-21"},{"url":"https://www.logpoint.com/en/blog/frontline-intel-pinpointing-grus-ttps-in-the-recent-campaign/","date":"2025-05-22"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2025-07-05&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2020-12641","date":"2025-07-05"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2025-07-06&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2020-12641","date":"2025-07-06"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2025-07-07&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2020-12641","date":"2025-07-07"}],"evidenceTotal":335,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 18, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad38c22e1848f8189d1c121","created":"2026-10-17"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-78","name":"Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command"}],"references":[{"url":"http://lists.opensuse.org/opensuse-security-announce/2020-09/msg00083.html","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/DrunkenShells/Disclosures/tree/master/CVE-2020-12641-Command%20Injection-Roundcube","tags":["Exploit","Third Party 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Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/roundcube/roundcubemail/commit/fcfb099477f353373c34c8a65c9035b06b364db3","tags":["Patch"]},{"url":"https://github.com/roundcube/roundcubemail/compare/1.4.3...1.4.4","tags":["Release Notes"]},{"url":"https://github.com/roundcube/roundcubemail/releases/tag/1.4.4","tags":["Release Notes"]},{"url":"https://roundcube.net/news/2020/04/29/security-updates-1.4.4-1.3.11-and-1.2.10","tags":["Release Notes","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202007-41","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2020-12641","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1190","name":"Exploit Public-Facing Application","tactics":["initial-access"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Public-facing web app exploited remotely, unauthenticated","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"rcube_image.php in Roundcube Webmail before 1.4.4 allows attackers","start":0,"end":66}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"},{"id":"T1059","name":"Command and Scripting Interpreter","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Shell metacharacter injection yields command execution","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"allows attackers to execute arbitrary code via shell metacharacters","start":50,"end":117}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2020-4942","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2020-4942","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2023-06-22","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":{"pocGithub":{"count":2,"skipped":0,"earliest":"2024-04-08","earliestUrl":"https://github.com/mbadanoiu/CVE-2020-12641","repos":[{"name":"mbadanoiu/CVE-2020-12641","url":"https://github.com/mbadanoiu/CVE-2020-12641","stars":0,"created":"2024-04-08"},{"name":"mbadanoiu/MAL-004","url":"https://github.com/mbadanoiu/MAL-004","stars":0,"created":"2024-04-13"}]},"nuclei":[{"id":"CVE-2020-12641","name":"Roundcube Webmail - Command Injection","severity":"critical","path":"http/cves/2020/CVE-2020-12641.yaml","url":"https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2020/CVE-2020-12641.yaml"}],"first":{"date":"2024-04-08","source":"PoC-in-GitHub","url":"https://github.com/mbadanoiu/CVE-2020-12641"},"provenance":"source"},"exploitRefs":["https://github.com/DrunkenShells/Disclosures/tree/master/CVE-2020-12641-Command%20Injection-Roundcube"],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1190"],"provenance":"ai"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1059"],"provenance":"ai"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2020-05-04","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-12641","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2023-06-20","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://cert.gov.ua/article/4905829","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2023-06-22","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2023-06-22","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2020-4942","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2024-04-08","kind":"exploit-public","label":"First public exploit: PoC-in-GitHub","url":"https://github.com/mbadanoiu/CVE-2020-12641","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":1435,"firstExploitFrom":"PoC-in-GitHub","daysToKev":1144},"priority":{"score":69.8,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 1229 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":19.94,"detail":"percentile 0.9970"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":5.0,"detail":"1 NVD reference tagged 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