{"id":"CVE-2022-41091","published":"2022-11-09T22:15:22Z","modified":"2026-08-10T16:18:20Z","title":"Microsoft Windows Mark of the Web (MOTW) Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability","vendor":"Microsoft","product":"Windows","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"Windows Mark of the Web Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"A security feature bypass flaw in the Mark of the Web (MOTW) mechanism of Microsoft Windows allows attackers to evade the protections that Windows normally applies to files downloaded from untrusted sources. Exploitation requires no privileges or authentication and can be triggered remotely over the network, but it requires a user to interact with a crafted file or resource, and a successful attack can cause limited integrity and availability impact.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-23T07:11:35Z"},"cvss":{"score":5.4,"severity":"MEDIUM","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.0191,"percentile":0.79733,"date":"2026-10-29","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2022-11-08","dueDate":"2022-12-09","ransomware":true,"requiredAction":"Apply updates per vendor instructions.","notes":"https://portal.msrc.microsoft.com/en-US/security-guidance/advisory/CVE-2022-41091;  https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41091","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2022-11-08","exploitedFirstSeen":"2022-11-08","ransomware":true,"evidence":[{"url":"https://api.msrc.microsoft.com/cvrf/v3.0/cvrf/2022-Nov","date":"2022-11-08"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2022-11-08"},{"url":"https://www.welivesecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/eset_apt_activity_report_t32022.pdf","date":"2023-01-31"},{"url":"https://info.securin.io/hubfs/Securin%20Ransomware%20Report%202023.pdf","date":"2023-02-14"},{"url":"https://go.recordedfuture.com/hubfs/reports/ta-2023-0302.pdf","date":"2023-03-02"},{"url":"https://www.mandiant.com/resources/blog/zero-days-exploited-2022","date":"2023-03-20"}],"evidenceTotal":6,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 18, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad38c22e1848f8189d1c121","created":"2026-10-17"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-863","name":"Incorrect Authorization"}],"references":[{"url":"https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-41091","tags":["Patch","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2022-41091","tags":["Patch","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2022-41091","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1204.002","name":"Malicious File","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: requires user to open crafted file","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"Windows Mark of the Web Security Feature Bypass Vulnerability","start":0,"end":61}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"},{"id":"T1553.005","name":"Mark-of-the-Web Bypass","tactics":["defense-impairment"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: bypasses MOTW protections on files","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"Mark of the Web Security Feature Bypass","start":8,"end":47}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2022-44334","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2022-44334","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2022-11-08","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":null,"exploitRefs":[],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1204.002"],"provenance":"ai"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1553.005"],"provenance":"ai"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2022-11-08","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://api.msrc.microsoft.com/cvrf/v3.0/cvrf/2022-Nov","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2022-11-08","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV (known ransomware use)","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2022-11-08","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2022-44334","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2022-11-09","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2022-41091","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":null,"firstExploitFrom":null,"daysToKev":null},"priority":{"score":67.7,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 1451 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":10.0,"detail":"CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV: Known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":15.95,"detail":"percentile 0.7973"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":0.0,"detail":"none found"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":3.78,"detail":"base score 5.4"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]},"lineage":{"familyId":"fam-class-microsoft-windows-cwe-863"}}