{"id":"CVE-2023-22463","published":"2023-01-04T15:04:18Z","modified":"2025-03-10T21:32:56Z","title":"KubePi's Hardcoded Jwtsigkeys allows malicious actor to login with a forged JWT token","vendor":"KubeOperator","product":"KubePi","tier":"core","eol":null,"affectedVersions":[{"vendor":"KubeOperator","product":"KubePi","versions":["< 1.6.3"]}],"description":{"text":"KubePi is a k8s panel. The jwt authentication function of KubePi through version 1.6.2 uses hard-coded Jwtsigkeys, resulting in the same Jwtsigkeys for all online projects. This means that an attacker can forge any jwt token to take over the administrator account of any online project. Furthermore, they may use the administrator to take over the k8s cluster of the target enterprise. `session.go`, the use of hard-coded JwtSigKey, allows an attacker to use this value to forge jwt tokens arbitrarily. The JwtSigKey is confidential and should not be hard-coded in the code. The vulnerability has been fixed in 1.6.3. In the patch, JWT key is specified in app.yml. If the user leaves it blank, a random key will be used. There are no workarounds aside from upgrading.","provenance":"source","from":"CVE.org"},"summary":{"text":"KubePi, the Kubernetes management panel from KubeOperator, uses a hard-coded JWT signing key (JwtSigKey in session.go) in its authentication function, so the same key is shared across all deployments. An unauthenticated remote attacker with network access can forge arbitrary JWT tokens without any user interaction or prior credentials, enabling them to take over the administrator account and, from there, the Kubernetes cluster it manages.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-29T07:12:30Z"},"cvss":{"score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL","version":"3.0","vector":"CVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"CVE.org CNA"},"epss":{"score":0.69667,"percentile":0.99366,"date":"2026-10-31","provenance":"source"},"kev":null,"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2025-06-23","exploitedFirstSeen":"2025-06-23","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://app.crowdsec.net/cti/cve-explorer/CVE-2023-22463","date":"2025-06-23"}],"evidenceTotal":1,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":null,"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-798","name":"Use of Hard-coded Credentials"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/KubeOperator/KubePi/security/advisories/GHSA-vjhf-8vqx-vqpq","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM"]},{"url":"https://github.com/KubeOperator/KubePi/commit/3be58b8df5bc05d2343c30371dd5fcf6a9fbbf8b","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]},{"url":"https://github.com/KubeOperator/KubePi/blob/da784f5532ea2495b92708cacb32703bff3a45a3/internal/api/v1/session/session.go#L35","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]},{"url":"https://github.com/KubeOperator/KubePi/releases/tag/v1.6.3","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]}],"techniques":[],"reports":[],"affected":[{"ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/KubeOperator/kubepi","vulnerableRanges":["<1.6.3"],"patched":["1.6.3"],"from":["GHSA-vjhf-8vqx-vqpq","GO-2023-1283"],"provenance":"source"}],"advisories":[{"id":"GHSA-vjhf-8vqx-vqpq","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-vjhf-8vqx-vqpq","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Go","package":"github.com/KubeOperator/kubepi","vulnerableRanges":["<1.6.3"],"patched":["1.6.3"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"}],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2023-0560","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2023-0560","exploited":false,"exploitedSince":null,"provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":{"nuclei":[{"id":"CVE-2023-22463","name":"KubePi JwtSigKey - Admin Authentication Bypass","severity":"critical","path":"http/cves/2023/CVE-2023-22463.yaml","url":"https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2023/CVE-2023-22463.yaml"}],"provenance":"source"},"exploitRefs":[],"flow":[],"timeline":[{"date":"2023-01-04","kind":"published","label":"Published (CVE.org)","url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-22463","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-06-23","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://app.crowdsec.net/cti/cve-explorer/CVE-2023-22463","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":null,"firstExploitFrom":null,"daysToKev":null},"priority":{"score":66.7,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 496 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":19.87,"detail":"percentile 0.9937"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":5.0,"detail":"1 nuclei template"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":0.0,"detail":"0 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":6.86,"detail":"base score 9.8"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]},"lineage":{"familyId":"fam-kubeoperator-kubepi-cve-2023-22463","children":[{"from":"CVE-2023-22463","to":"CVE-2023-22478","relation":"successor","confidence":"high","kind":"lineage","evidence":[{"kind":"version-step","provenance":"source","package":"Go:github.com/KubeOperator/kubepi","fromFixed":"1.6.3","toFixed":"1.6.4","daysApart":10},{"kind":"same-code","provenance":"machine","files":["internal/api/v1/v1.go"],"commits":["https://github.com/KubeOperator/KubePi/commit/3be58b8df5bc05d2343c30371dd5fcf6a9fbbf8b","https://github.com/KubeOperator/KubePi/commit/0c6774bf5d9003ae4d60257a3f207c131ff4a6d6"],"basis":"rarely changed file"},{"kind":"similar","provenance":"machine","score":0.21,"basis":"same product + description similarity"}]}],"packageHistory":[{"cve":"CVE-2023-22463","published":"2023-01-04","fixed":"1.6.3","kev":false},{"cve":"CVE-2023-22478","published":"2023-01-14","fixed":"1.6.4","kev":false},{"cve":"CVE-2023-22479","published":"2023-01-10","fixed":"1.6.4","kev":false,"link":{"from":"CVE-2023-22463","to":"CVE-2023-22479","relation":"successor","confidence":"medium","kind":"sequence","evidence":[{"kind":"version-step","provenance":"source","package":"Go:github.com/KubeOperator/kubepi","fromFixed":"1.6.3","toFixed":"1.6.4","daysApart":6},{"kind":"similar","provenance":"machine","score":0.21,"basis":"same product + description similarity"}]}},{"cve":"CVE-2023-37916","published":"2023-07-21","fixed":"1.6.5","kev":false}],"package":"Go:github.com/KubeOperator/kubepi"}}