{"id":"CVE-2024-36401","published":"2024-07-01T16:15:04Z","modified":"2026-06-17T07:36:38Z","title":"OSGeo GeoServer GeoTools Eval Injection Vulnerability","vendor":"OSGeo","product":"GeoServer","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"GeoServer is an open source server that allows users to share and edit geospatial data. Prior to versions 2.22.6, 2.23.6, 2.24.4, and 2.25.2, multiple OGC request parameters allow Remote Code Execution (RCE) by unauthenticated users through specially crafted input against a default GeoServer installation due to unsafely evaluating property names as XPath expressions.\n\nThe GeoTools library API that GeoServer calls evaluates property/attribute names for feature types in a way that unsafely passes them to the commons-jxpath library which can execute arbitrary code when evaluating XPath expressions. This XPath evaluation is intended to be used only by complex feature types (i.e., Application Schema data stores) but is incorrectly being applied to simple feature types as well which makes this vulnerability apply to **ALL** GeoServer instances. No public PoC is provided but this vulnerability has been confirmed to be exploitable through WFS GetFeature, WFS GetPropertyValue, WMS GetMap, WMS GetFeatureInfo, WMS GetLegendGraphic and WPS Execute requests. This vulnerability can lead to executing arbitrary code.\n\nVersions 2.22.6, 2.23.6, 2.24.4, and 2.25.2 contain a patch for the issue. A workaround exists by removing the `gt-complex-x.y.jar` file from the GeoServer where `x.y` is the GeoTools version (e.g., `gt-complex-31.1.jar` if running GeoServer 2.25.1). This will remove the vulnerable code from GeoServer but may break some GeoServer functionality or prevent GeoServer from deploying if the gt-complex module is needed.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"OSGeo GeoServer, the open source geospatial data server, contains an unsafe evaluation flaw in its GeoTools library, where multiple OGC request parameters have property names passed unsafely to the commons-jxpath library as XPath expressions, affecting versions before 2.22.6, 2.23.6, 2.24.4, and 2.25.2. An unauthenticated remote attacker over the network can send specially crafted requests, such as WFS GetFeature, WMS GetMap, or WPS Execute, against a default installation to execute arbitrary code, with no user interaction or special configuration required.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-30T13:35:54Z"},"cvss":{"score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.99813,"percentile":0.99959,"date":"2026-10-30","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2024-07-15","dueDate":"2024-08-05","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","notes":"This vulnerability affects an open-source component, third-party library, or a protocol used by different products. For more information, please see: https://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv, https://github.com/geotools/geotools/pull/4797 ;   https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36401","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2024-07-03","exploitedFirstSeen":"2024-07-15","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2024-07-15"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2024-07-28&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2024-36401","date":"2024-07-28"},{"url":"https://blog.sonicwall.com/en-us/2024/07/geoserver-rce-vulnerability-cve-2024-36401-being-exploited-in-the-wild/","date":"2024-07-29"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2024-07-30&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2024-36401","date":"2024-07-30"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2024-07-31&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2024-36401","date":"2024-07-31"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2024-08-01&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2024-36401","date":"2024-08-01"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2024-08-03&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2024-36401","date":"2024-08-03"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2024-08-04&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2024-36401","date":"2024-08-04"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2024-08-05&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2024-36401","date":"2024-08-05"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2024-08-06&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2024-36401","date":"2024-08-06"}],"evidenceTotal":788,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 30, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae35d889ea92b4ce19c2680","created":"2026-10-29"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-94","name":"Improper Control of Generation of Code"},{"id":"CWE-95","name":"Improper Neutralization of Directives in Dynamically Evaluated Code"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/Warxim/CVE-2022-41852?tab=readme-ov-file#workaround-for-cve-2022-41852","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","tags":["Mitigation","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/geotools/geotools/pull/4797","tags":["Issue Tracking","Patch"]},{"url":"https://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-w3pj-wh35-fq8w","tags":["Exploit","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://osgeo-org.atlassian.net/browse/GEOT-7587","tags":["Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/Warxim/CVE-2022-41852?tab=readme-ov-file#workaround-for-cve-2022-41852","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/geoserver/geoserver/security/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","tags":["Mitigation","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://github.com/geotools/geotools/pull/4797","tags":["Issue Tracking","Patch"]},{"url":"https://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-w3pj-wh35-fq8w","tags":["Exploit","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://osgeo-org.atlassian.net/browse/GEOT-7587","tags":["Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/geoserver-rce-cve-2024-36401","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2024-36401","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1190","name":"Exploit Public-Facing Application","tactics":["initial-access"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Unauthenticated exploitation via crafted OGC requests against public service","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"allow Remote Code Execution (RCE) by unauthenticated users through specially crafted input","start":174,"end":264}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"},{"id":"T1059","name":"Command and Scripting Interpreter","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Arbitrary code execution on the server","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"can execute arbitrary code when evaluating XPath expressions","start":541,"end":601}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"}],"reports":[],"affected":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.geoserver.web:gs-web-app","vulnerableRanges":[">=2.24.0, <2.24.4",">=2.25.0, <2.25.2",">=2.23.0, <2.23.6","<2.22.6"],"patched":["2.24.4","2.25.2","2.23.6","2.22.6"],"from":["GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv"],"provenance":"source"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.geoserver:gs-wfs","vulnerableRanges":[">=2.24.0, <2.24.4",">=2.25.0, <2.25.2",">=2.23.0, <2.23.6","<2.22.6"],"patched":["2.24.4","2.25.2","2.23.6","2.22.6"],"from":["GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv"],"provenance":"source"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.geoserver:gs-wms","vulnerableRanges":[">=2.24.0, <2.24.4",">=2.25.0, <2.25.2",">=2.23.0, <2.23.6","<2.22.6"],"patched":["2.24.4","2.25.2","2.23.6","2.22.6"],"from":["GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv"],"provenance":"source"}],"advisories":[{"id":"GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.geoserver.web:gs-web-app","vulnerableRanges":[">=2.24.0, <2.24.4"],"patched":["2.24.4"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.geoserver:gs-wfs","vulnerableRanges":[">=2.24.0, <2.24.4"],"patched":["2.24.4"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.geoserver:gs-wms","vulnerableRanges":[">=2.24.0, <2.24.4"],"patched":["2.24.4"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.geoserver.web:gs-web-app","vulnerableRanges":[">=2.25.0, <2.25.2"],"patched":["2.25.2"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.geoserver:gs-wfs","vulnerableRanges":[">=2.25.0, <2.25.2"],"patched":["2.25.2"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.geoserver:gs-wms","vulnerableRanges":[">=2.25.0, <2.25.2"],"patched":["2.25.2"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.geoserver.web:gs-web-app","vulnerableRanges":[">=2.23.0, <2.23.6"],"patched":["2.23.6"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.geoserver:gs-wfs","vulnerableRanges":[">=2.23.0, <2.23.6"],"patched":["2.23.6"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.geoserver:gs-wms","vulnerableRanges":[">=2.23.0, <2.23.6"],"patched":["2.23.6"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.geoserver.web:gs-web-app","vulnerableRanges":["<2.22.6"],"patched":["2.22.6"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.geoserver:gs-wfs","vulnerableRanges":["<2.22.6"],"patched":["2.22.6"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.geoserver:gs-wms","vulnerableRanges":["<2.22.6"],"patched":["2.22.6"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"}],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2024-2280","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2024-2280","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2024-07-15","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":{"pocGithub":{"count":17,"skipped":6,"earliest":"2024-07-04","earliestUrl":"https://github.com/bigb0x/CVE-2024-36401","repos":[{"name":"whitebear-ch/GeoServerExploit","url":"https://github.com/whitebear-ch/GeoServerExploit","stars":123,"created":"2025-01-07"},{"name":"Chocapikk/CVE-2024-36401","url":"https://github.com/Chocapikk/CVE-2024-36401","stars":89,"created":"2024-07-30"},{"name":"Mr-xn/CVE-2024-36401","url":"https://github.com/Mr-xn/CVE-2024-36401","stars":56,"created":"2024-07-06"},{"name":"ahisec/geoserver-","url":"https://github.com/ahisec/geoserver-","stars":45,"created":"2024-07-17"},{"name":"bmth666/GeoServer-Tools-CVE-2024-36401","url":"https://github.com/bmth666/GeoServer-Tools-CVE-2024-36401","stars":43,"created":"2025-04-11"}]},"metasploit":[{"name":"Geoserver unauthenticated Remote Code Execution","module":"exploit/multi/http/geoserver_unauth_rce_cve_2024_36401","type":"exploit","disclosureDate":"2024-07-01","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/multi/http/geoserver_unauth_rce_cve_2024_36401.rb"}],"nuclei":[{"id":"CVE-2024-36401","name":"GeoServer RCE in Evaluating Property Name Expressions","severity":"critical","path":"http/cves/2024/CVE-2024-36401.yaml","url":"https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2024/CVE-2024-36401.yaml"}],"first":{"date":"2024-07-01","source":"Metasploit","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/multi/http/geoserver_unauth_rce_cve_2024_36401.rb"},"provenance":"source"},"exploitRefs":["https://github.com/Warxim/CVE-2022-41852?tab=readme-ov-file#workaround-for-cve-2022-41852","https://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-w3pj-wh35-fq8w","https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/geoserver-rce-cve-2024-36401"],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1190"],"provenance":"ai"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1059"],"provenance":"ai"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2024-07-01","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-36401","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2024-07-01","kind":"exploit-public","label":"First public exploit: Metasploit; later: PoC-in-GitHub 2024-07-04","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/multi/http/geoserver_unauth_rce_cve_2024_36401.rb","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2024-07-15","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2024-07-15","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2024-07-15","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2024-2280","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":0,"firstExploitFrom":"Metasploit","daysToKev":14},"priority":{"score":69.9,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 850 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":19.99,"detail":"percentile 0.9996"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":5.0,"detail":"3 NVD references tagged Exploit; 17 PoC-in-GitHub repos; 1 Metasploit module; 1 nuclei template"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":6.86,"detail":"base score 9.8"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]},"lineage":{"familyId":"fam-osgeo-geoserver-cve-2024-36401","children":[{"from":"CVE-2024-36401","to":"CVE-2024-36404","relation":"related","confidence":"high","kind":"lineage","evidence":[{"kind":"osv-related","provenance":"source","id":"GHSA-w3pj-wh35-fq8w","via":"related"},{"kind":"osv-related","provenance":"source","id":"GHSA-6jj6-gm7p-fcvv","via":"reference","url":"https://github.com/geotools/geotools/security/advisories/GHSA-w3pj-wh35-fq8w"}]}],"packageHistory":[{"cve":"CVE-2023-35042","published":"2023-06-12","fixed":"2.20.4","kev":false,"link":{"from":"CVE-2023-35042","to":"CVE-2024-36401","relation":"successor","confidence":"low","kind":"sequence","evidence":[{"kind":"version-step","provenance":"source","package":"Maven:org.geoserver:gs-wfs","fromFixed":"2.20.4","toFixed":"2.22.6","daysApart":385}]}},{"cve":"CVE-2024-29198","published":"2025-06-10","fixed":"2.25.2","kev":false,"link":{"from":"CVE-2024-36401","to":"CVE-2024-29198","relation":"successor","confidence":"low","kind":"sequence","evidence":[{"kind":"version-step","provenance":"source","package":"Maven:org.geoserver:gs-wfs","fromFixed":"2.23.6","toFixed":"2.24.4","daysApart":344}]}},{"cve":"CVE-2024-36401","published":"2024-07-01","fixed":"2.25.2","kev":true},{"cve":"CVE-2025-30220","published":"2025-06-10","fixed":"2.27.1","kev":false}],"package":"Maven:org.geoserver:gs-wfs"}}