{"id":"CVE-2025-0411","published":"2025-01-25T05:15:09Z","modified":"2026-06-17T08:26:25Z","title":"7-Zip Mark of the Web Bypass Vulnerability","vendor":"7-Zip","product":"7-Zip","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"7-Zip Mark-of-the-Web Bypass Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to bypass the Mark-of-the-Web protection mechanism on affected installations of 7-Zip. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.\n\nThe specific flaw exists within the handling of archived files. When extracting files from a crafted archive that bears the Mark-of-the-Web, 7-Zip does not propagate the Mark-of-the-Web to the extracted files. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user. Was ZDI-CAN-25456.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"The flaw is in 7-Zip's handling of archived files: when extracting files from a crafted archive that carries the Mark-of-the-Web, 7-Zip fails to propagate that marking to the extracted files, bypassing the Mark-of-the-Web protection. An attacker who can get a user to visit a malicious page or open a malicious file can use this to execute arbitrary code in the context of the current user, and the attack requires local access to the target with no authentication, but user interaction is needed.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-23T07:13:31Z"},"cvss":{"score":7.0,"severity":"HIGH","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.67071,"percentile":0.99297,"date":"2026-10-30","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2025-02-06","dueDate":"2025-02-27","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","notes":"https://www.7-zip.org/history.txt ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0411","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2025-02-04","exploitedFirstSeen":"2025-02-04","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/25/a/cve-2025-0411-ukrainian-organizations-targeted.html","date":"2025-02-04"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2025-02-06"},{"url":"https://isc.sans.edu/diary/Reminder%3A%207-Zip%20%26%20MoW/31668","date":"2025-02-10"},{"url":"https://asec.ahnlab.com/ko/87042/","date":"2025-03-27"},{"url":"https://ics-cert.kaspersky.com/media/Kaspersky-ICS-CERT-APT-and-financial-attacks-on-industrial-organizations-in-Q1-2025-En.pdf","date":"2025-06-19"},{"url":"https://blog.delivr.to/delivr-tos-top-10-payloads-july-25-filefix-zip-smuggling-and-qrljacking-d2ef930675fe","date":"2025-07-13"},{"url":"https://www.enisa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2025-10/ENISA%20Threat%20Landscape%202025.pdf","date":"2025-10-09"},{"url":"https://www.loginsoft.com/reports/annually/vulnerability-intelligence-report-2025","date":"2026-01-20"},{"url":"https://www.rnbo.gov.ua/files/2026/NATIONAL_CYBER_SCC/kiber_2025.pdf","date":"2026-05-12"},{"url":"https://view.bitsight.com/viewer/275c18689811d887dfa0368866323ed5#1","date":"2026-06-22"}],"evidenceTotal":10,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 30, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae35d889ea92b4ce19c2680","created":"2026-10-29"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-693","name":"Protection Mechanism Failure"}],"references":[{"url":"https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-25-045/","tags":["Third Party Advisory","VDB Entry"]},{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/01/24/6","tags":["Mailing List"]},{"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250207-0005/","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-0411-7-zip-mitigation-vulnerability","tags":["Mitigation"]},{"url":"https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-0411-detection-7-zip-vulnerability","tags":["Mitigation"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-0411","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1553.005","name":"Mark-of-the-Web Bypass","tactics":["defense-impairment"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Security Feature Bypass","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[],"comment":"Attackers can double-archive malicious payloads with 7-Zip to bypass Windows's Mark-of-the-Web security feature, further allowing the bypassing of Microsoft Defender SmartScreen. This allows attackers to disseminate these payloads via methods like email attachments, which would normally be subject to additional scrutiny by the service's protective measures. This flaw was patched in 7-Zip version 24.09.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1566.001","name":"Spearphishing Attachment","tactics":["initial-access"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Security Feature Bypass","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[],"comment":"Attackers can double-archive malicious payloads with 7-Zip to bypass Windows's Mark-of-the-Web security feature, further allowing the bypassing of Microsoft Defender SmartScreen. This allows attackers to disseminate these payloads via methods like email attachments, which would normally be subject to additional scrutiny by the service's protective measures. This flaw was patched in 7-Zip version 24.09.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1588.001","name":"Malware","tactics":["resource-development"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Security Feature Bypass","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"Attackers can double-archive malicious payloads with 7-Zip to bypass Windows's Mark-of-the-Web security feature, further allowing the bypassing of Microsoft Defender SmartScreen. This allows attackers to disseminate these payloads via methods like email attachments, which would normally be subject to additional scrutiny by the service's protective measures. This flaw was patched in 7-Zip version 24.09.","confidence":"high"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2025-1658","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-1658","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2025-02-06","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":{"pocGithub":{"count":6,"skipped":0,"earliest":"2025-01-22","earliestUrl":"https://github.com/dhmosfunk/7-Zip-CVE-2025-0411-POC","repos":[{"name":"dhmosfunk/7-Zip-CVE-2025-0411-POC","url":"https://github.com/dhmosfunk/7-Zip-CVE-2025-0411-POC","stars":154,"created":"2025-01-22"},{"name":"c4bsec/7-Zip-CVE-2025-0411-POC","url":"https://github.com/c4bsec/7-Zip-CVE-2025-0411-POC","stars":2,"created":"2025-02-23"},{"name":"iSee857/CVE-2025-0411-PoC","url":"https://github.com/iSee857/CVE-2025-0411-PoC","stars":1,"created":"2025-01-27"},{"name":"ishwardeepp/CVE-2025-0411-MoTW-PoC","url":"https://github.com/ishwardeepp/CVE-2025-0411-MoTW-PoC","stars":1,"created":"2025-02-19"},{"name":"betulssahin/CVE-2025-0411-7-Zip-Mark-of-the-Web-Bypass","url":"https://github.com/betulssahin/CVE-2025-0411-7-Zip-Mark-of-the-Web-Bypass","stars":0,"created":"2025-05-11"}]},"first":{"date":"2025-01-22","source":"PoC-in-GitHub","url":"https://github.com/dhmosfunk/7-Zip-CVE-2025-0411-POC"},"provenance":"source"},"exploitRefs":[],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1566.001","T1553.005"],"provenance":"source"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1588.001"],"provenance":"source"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-01-22","kind":"exploit-public","label":"First public exploit: PoC-in-GitHub","url":"https://github.com/dhmosfunk/7-Zip-CVE-2025-0411-POC","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-01-25","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-0411","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-02-04","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://www.trendmicro.com/en_us/research/25/a/cve-2025-0411-ukrainian-organizations-targeted.html","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-02-06","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-02-06","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-1658","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":null,"firstExploitFrom":"PoC-in-GitHub","daysToKev":12},"priority":{"score":67.8,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 634 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":19.86,"detail":"percentile 0.9930"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":5.0,"detail":"6 PoC-in-GitHub repos"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":4.9,"detail":"base score 7.0"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]}}