{"id":"CVE-2025-24813","published":"2025-03-10T17:15:35Z","modified":"2026-06-17T08:59:39Z","title":"Apache Tomcat Path Equivalence Vulnerability","vendor":"Apache","product":"Tomcat","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"Path Equivalence: 'file.Name' (Internal Dot) leading to Remote Code Execution and/or Information disclosure and/or malicious content added to uploaded files via write enabled Default Servlet in Apache Tomcat.\n\nThis issue affects Apache Tomcat: from 11.0.0-M1 through 11.0.2, from 10.1.0-M1 through 10.1.34, from 9.0.0.M1 through 9.0.98.\nThe following versions were EOL at the time the CVE was created but are \nknown to be affected: 8.5.0 though 8.5.100. Other, older, EOL versions \nmay also be affected.\n\n\nIf all of the following were true, a malicious user was able to view       security sensitive files and/or inject content into those files:\n- writes enabled for the default servlet (disabled by default)\n- support for partial PUT (enabled by default)\n- a target URL for security sensitive uploads that was a sub-directory of a target URL for public uploads\n- attacker knowledge of the names of security sensitive files being uploaded\n- the security sensitive files also being uploaded via partial PUT\n\nIf all of the following were true, a malicious user was able to       perform remote code execution:\n- writes enabled for the default servlet (disabled by default)\n- support for partial PUT (enabled by default)\n- application was using Tomcat's file based session persistence with the default storage location\n- application included a library that may be leveraged in a deserialization attack\n\nUsers are recommended to upgrade to version 11.0.3, 10.1.35 or 9.0.99, which fixes the issue.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"A path equivalence flaw in the Default Servlet of Apache Tomcat lets crafted filenames containing an internal dot bypass access controls and file handling. An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit it when the Default Servlet has writes enabled (non-default) and partial PUT is supported (default), potentially viewing or altering security-sensitive files or achieving remote code execution if file-based session persistence and a deserialization-exploitable library are present.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-31T12:59:17Z"},"cvss":{"score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.99942,"percentile":0.99972,"date":"2026-10-30","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2025-04-01","dueDate":"2025-04-22","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","notes":"This vulnerability affects a common open-source component, third-party library, or a protocol used by different products. Please check with specific vendors for information on patching status. For more information, please see: https://lists.apache.org/thread/j5fkjv2k477os90nczf2v9l61fb0kkgq ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24813","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2025-03-14","exploitedFirstSeen":"2025-03-14","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2025-03-14&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-24813","date":"2025-03-14"},{"url":"https://lab.wallarm.com/one-put-request-to-own-tomcat-cve-2025-24813-rce-is-in-the-wild/","date":"2025-03-14"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2025-03-15&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-24813","date":"2025-03-15"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2025-03-16&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-24813","date":"2025-03-16"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2025-03-17&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-24813","date":"2025-03-17"},{"url":"https://digital.nhs.uk/cyber-alerts/2025/cc-4633","date":"2025-03-17"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2025-03-18&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-24813","date":"2025-03-18"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2025-03-19&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-24813","date":"2025-03-19"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2025-03-20&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-24813","date":"2025-03-20"},{"url":"https://www.akamai.com/blog/security-research/march-apache-tomcat-path-equivalence-traffic-detections-mitigations","date":"2025-03-20"}],"evidenceTotal":118,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 30, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae35d889ea92b4ce19c2680","created":"2026-10-29"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-502","name":"Deserialization of Untrusted Data"},{"id":"CWE-706","name":"Use of Incorrectly-Resolved Name or Reference"},{"id":"CWE-44","name":"Path Equivalence: 'file.name' (Internal Dot)"}],"references":[{"url":"https://lists.apache.org/thread/j5fkjv2k477os90nczf2v9l61fb0kkgq","tags":["Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/03/10/5","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00003.html","tags":["Mailing List","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250321-0001/","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-24813-detect-apache-tomcat-rce","tags":["Issue Tracking"]},{"url":"https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-24813-mitigate-apache-tomcat-rce","tags":["Issue Tracking"]},{"url":"https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-24813-tomcat-detect-vulnerability","tags":["Issue Tracking"]},{"url":"https://www.vicarius.io/vsociety/posts/cve-2025-24813-tomcat-mitigation-vulnerability","tags":["Issue Tracking"]},{"url":"https://github.com/absholi7ly/POC-CVE-2025-24813/blob/main/README.md","tags":["Exploit"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-24813","tags":["Third Party Advisory","US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1190","name":"Exploit Public-Facing Application","tactics":["initial-access"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Exploits publicly reachable Tomcat web server via upload","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"via write enabled Default Servlet in Apache Tomcat","start":157,"end":207}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"},{"id":"T1005","name":"Data from Local System","tactics":["collection"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Attacker can read sensitive files on server","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"view       security sensitive files","start":570,"end":605}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"},{"id":"T1059","name":"Command and Scripting Interpreter","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Successful exploitation yields arbitrary code execution","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"perform remote code execution","start":1077,"end":1106}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"}],"reports":[],"affected":[{"ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","vulnerableRanges":[">=11.0.0-M1, <11.0.3",">=10.1.0-M1, <10.1.35",">=9.0.0.M1, <9.0.99",">=8.5.0, <=8.5.100"],"patched":["11.0.3","10.1.35","9.0.99"],"from":["GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg"],"provenance":"source"},{"ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","vulnerableRanges":[">=11.0.0-M1, <11.0.3",">=10.1.0-M1, <10.1.35",">=9.0.0.M1, <9.0.99",">=8.5.0, <=8.5.100"],"patched":["11.0.3","10.1.35","9.0.99"],"from":["GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg"],"provenance":"source"}],"advisories":[{"id":"GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","vulnerableRanges":[">=11.0.0-M1, <11.0.3"],"patched":["11.0.3"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","vulnerableRanges":[">=10.1.0-M1, <10.1.35"],"patched":["10.1.35"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","vulnerableRanges":[">=9.0.0.M1, <9.0.99"],"patched":["9.0.99"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","vulnerableRanges":[">=11.0.0-M1, <11.0.3"],"patched":["11.0.3"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","vulnerableRanges":[">=10.1.0-M1, <10.1.35"],"patched":["10.1.35"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","vulnerableRanges":[">=9.0.0.M1, <9.0.99"],"patched":["9.0.99"],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","vulnerableRanges":[">=8.5.0, <=8.5.100"],"patched":[],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"},{"id":"GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-83qj-6fr2-vhqg","severity":"CRITICAL","ecosystem":"Maven","package":"org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","vulnerableRanges":[">=8.5.0, <=8.5.100"],"patched":[],"provenance":"source","from":"GHSA"}],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2025-6498","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-6498","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2025-04-01","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[{"id":52134,"url":"https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/52134","title":"Apache Tomcat 11.0.3 - Remote Code Execution","type":"webapps","platform":"multiple","date":"2025-04-07","verified":false,"provenance":"source"}],"exploitSources":{"exploitdb":{"count":1,"earliest":"2025-04-07"},"pocGithub":{"count":51,"skipped":9,"earliest":"2025-03-13","earliestUrl":"https://github.com/iSee857/CVE-2025-24813-PoC","repos":[{"name":"absholi7ly/POC-CVE-2025-24813","url":"https://github.com/absholi7ly/POC-CVE-2025-24813","stars":193,"created":"2025-03-14"},{"name":"iSee857/CVE-2025-24813-PoC","url":"https://github.com/iSee857/CVE-2025-24813-PoC","stars":98,"created":"2025-03-13"},{"name":"drcrypterdotru/Apache-GOExploiter","url":"https://github.com/drcrypterdotru/Apache-GOExploiter","stars":21,"created":"2025-08-31"},{"name":"mbanyamer/Apache-Tomcat---Remote-Code-Execution-via-Session-Deserialization-CVE-2025-24813-","url":"https://github.com/mbanyamer/Apache-Tomcat---Remote-Code-Execution-via-Session-Deserialization-CVE-2025-24813-","stars":18,"created":"2025-05-25"},{"name":"charis3306/CVE-2025-24813","url":"https://github.com/charis3306/CVE-2025-24813","stars":16,"created":"2025-03-16"}]},"metasploit":[{"name":"Tomcat Partial PUT Java Deserialization","module":"exploit/multi/http/tomcat_partial_put_deserialization","type":"exploit","disclosureDate":"2025-03-10","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/multi/http/tomcat_partial_put_deserialization.rb"}],"nuclei":[{"id":"CVE-2025-24813","name":"Apache Tomcat Path Equivalence - Remote Code Execution","severity":"critical","path":"http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-24813.yaml","url":"https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-24813.yaml"}],"first":{"date":"2025-03-10","source":"Metasploit","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/multi/http/tomcat_partial_put_deserialization.rb"},"provenance":"source"},"exploitRefs":["https://github.com/absholi7ly/POC-CVE-2025-24813/blob/main/README.md"],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1190"],"provenance":"ai"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1059","T1005"],"provenance":"ai"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-03-10","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24813","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-03-10","kind":"exploit-public","label":"First public exploit: Metasploit; later: PoC-in-GitHub 2025-03-13, Exploit-DB 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listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 596 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":19.99,"detail":"percentile 0.9997"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":5.0,"detail":"1 NVD reference tagged Exploit; 1 Exploit-DB entry; 51 PoC-in-GitHub repos; 1 Metasploit module; 1 nuclei template"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":6.86,"detail":"base score 9.8"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]},"lineage":{"packageHistory":[{"cve":"CVE-2024-52316","published":"2024-11-18","fixed":"11.0.1","kev":false},{"cve":"CVE-2024-50379","published":"2024-12-17","fixed":"11.0.2","kev":false,"link":{"from":"CVE-2024-50379","to":"CVE-2025-24813","relation":"successor","confidence":"low","kind":"sequence","evidence":[{"kind":"version-step","provenance":"source","package":"Maven:org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina","fromFixed":"9.0.98","toFixed":"9.0.99","daysApart":83}]}},{"cve":"CVE-2024-56337","published":"2024-12-20","fixed":"11.0.2","kev":false,"link":{"from":"CVE-2024-56337","to":"CVE-2025-24813","relation":"successor","confidence":"low","kind":"sequence","evidence":[{"kind":"version-step","provenance":"source","package":"Maven:org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","fromFixed":"9.0.98","toFixed":"9.0.99","daysApart":80},{"kind":"version-step","provenance":"source","package":"Maven:org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","fromFixed":"10.1.34","toFixed":"10.1.35","daysApart":80}]}},{"cve":"CVE-2025-24813","published":"2025-03-10","fixed":"11.0.3","kev":true},{"cve":"CVE-2025-31651","published":"2025-04-28","fixed":"11.0.6","kev":false,"link":{"from":"CVE-2025-24813","to":"CVE-2025-31651","relation":"successor","confidence":"low","kind":"sequence","evidence":[{"kind":"version-step","provenance":"source","package":"Maven:org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","fromFixed":"9.0.99","toFixed":"9.0.104","daysApart":49},{"kind":"version-step","provenance":"source","package":"Maven:org.apache.tomcat.embed:tomcat-embed-core","fromFixed":"10.1.35","toFixed":"10.1.40","daysApart":49}]}},{"cve":"CVE-2025-46701","published":"2025-05-29","fixed":"11.0.7","kev":false},{"cve":"CVE-2025-48988","published":"2025-06-16","fixed":"11.0.8","kev":false}],"package":"Maven:org.apache.tomcat:tomcat-catalina"}}