{"id":"CVE-2025-25249","published":"2026-01-13T17:15:56Z","modified":"2026-10-07T18:17:13Z","title":"Fortinet Multiple Products Heap-based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability","vendor":"Fortinet","product":"Multiple Products","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.17, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, FortiSwitchManager 7.0.0 through 7.0.5 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted packets","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"A heap-based buffer overflow in Fortinet's FortiOS (7.6.0 through 7.6.3, 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, 7.0.0 through 7.0.17, and all 6.4 versions) and FortiSwitchManager (7.2.0 through 7.2.6 and 7.0.0 through 7.0.5) lets an attacker execute unauthorized code or commands by sending specially crafted packets. The attack requires only network access, with no authentication, no user interaction, and no non-default configuration.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-23T07:11:05Z"},"cvss":{"score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.03742,"percentile":0.89828,"date":"2026-10-29","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2026-09-09","dueDate":"2026-09-12","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.","notes":"https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-084 ; BOD 26-04: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk ; Forensics Triage Requirements: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-implementation-guidance-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25249","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2026-09-08","exploitedFirstSeen":"2026-09-08","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://socradar.io/blog/cve-2025-25249-pivotc2-fortigate-rat/","date":"2026-09-08"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2026-09-09"}],"evidenceTotal":2,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":33,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 30, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae35d889ea92b4ce19c2680","created":"2026-10-29"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-787","name":"Out-of-bounds Write"},{"id":"CWE-122","name":"Heap-based Buffer Overflow"}],"references":[{"url":"https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-084","tags":["Mitigation","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-864900.html","tags":["Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://socradar.io/blog/cve-2025-25249-pivotc2-fortigate-rat/","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-25249","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1190","name":"Exploit Public-Facing Application","tactics":["initial-access"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Remote crafted packets exploit network-facing FortiOS service","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted packets","start":278,"end":364}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"},{"id":"T1059","name":"Command and Scripting Interpreter","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Heap overflow yields unauthorized code execution","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands","start":278,"end":334}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2026-2223","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-2223","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2026-09-09","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":null,"exploitRefs":["https://socradar.io/blog/cve-2025-25249-pivotc2-fortigate-rat/"],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1190"],"provenance":"ai"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1059"],"provenance":"ai"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2026-01-13","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-25249","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2026-09-08","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://socradar.io/blog/cve-2025-25249-pivotc2-fortigate-rat/","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2026-09-09","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2026-09-09","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-2223","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":null,"firstExploitFrom":null,"daysToKev":239},"priority":{"score":77.8,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":10.0,"detail":"added 52 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":17.97,"detail":"percentile 0.8983"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":5.0,"detail":"1 NVD reference tagged Exploit"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"33 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":6.86,"detail":"base score 9.8"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]}}