{"id":"CVE-2025-27920","published":"2025-05-05T16:15:50Z","modified":"2026-06-17T09:04:23Z","title":"Srimax Output Messenger Directory Traversal Vulnerability","vendor":"Srimax","product":"Output Messenger","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"Output Messenger before 2.0.63 was vulnerable to a directory traversal attack through improper file path handling. By using ../ sequences in parameters, attackers could access sensitive files outside the intended directory, potentially leading to configuration leakage or arbitrary file access.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"Srimax Output Messenger, a messaging product, contains a directory traversal flaw in its handling of file paths, affecting versions before 2.0.63. An attacker who can reach the application over the network and hold a low-privilege account can use ../ sequences in request parameters to read sensitive files outside the intended directory, potentially exposing configuration data or arbitrary files, with no user interaction required.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-23T07:14:24Z"},"cvss":{"score":8.8,"severity":"HIGH","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.01865,"percentile":0.79229,"date":"2026-10-29","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2025-05-19","dueDate":"2025-06-09","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","notes":"https://www.outputmessenger.com/cve-2025-27920/ ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27920","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2025-05-12","exploitedFirstSeen":"2025-05-12","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/05/12/marbled-dust-leverages-zero-day-in-output-messenger-for-regional-espionage/","date":"2025-05-12"},{"url":"https://hivepro.com/threat-advisory/espionage-ops-exploit-output-messenger-vulnerability/","date":"2025-05-14"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2025-05-19"},{"url":"https://cyble.com/blog/latest-security-vulnerabilities-ivanti/","date":"2025-05-20"},{"url":"https://nsfocusglobal.com/nsfocus-apt-monthly-briefing-may-2025/","date":"2025-06-27"},{"url":"https://www.invictus-ir.com/news/profiling-sea-turtle-tactics-history-defenses","date":"2025-08-20"},{"url":"https://www.loginsoft.com/reports/annually/vulnerability-intelligence-report-2025","date":"2026-01-20"}],"evidenceTotal":7,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 30, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae35d889ea92b4ce19c2680","created":"2026-10-29"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-24","name":"Path Traversal: '../filedir'"},{"id":"CWE-22","name":"Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory"}],"references":[{"url":"https://www.outputmessenger.com/cve-2025-27920/","tags":["Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.srimax.com/products-2/output-messenger/","tags":["Product"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-27920","tags":["US Government Resource"]},{"url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/05/12/marbled-dust-leverages-zero-day-in-output-messenger-for-regional-espionage/","tags":["Mitigation","Third Party Advisory"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1190","name":"Exploit Public-Facing Application","tactics":["initial-access"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Network-exposed app parameter path traversal exploitation","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"By using ../ sequences in parameters, attackers could access sensitive files outside the intended directory","start":115,"end":222}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"},{"id":"T1005","name":"Data from Local System","tactics":["collection"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Direct arbitrary file read from local system","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"attackers could access sensitive files outside the intended directory","start":153,"end":222}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2025-13464","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-13464","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2025-05-19","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":null,"exploitRefs":[],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1190"],"provenance":"ai"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1005"],"provenance":"ai"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-05-05","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-27920","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-05-12","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/security/blog/2025/05/12/marbled-dust-leverages-zero-day-in-output-messenger-for-regional-espionage/","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-05-19","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-05-19","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-13464","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":null,"firstExploitFrom":null,"daysToKev":14},"priority":{"score":60.0,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 536 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":15.85,"detail":"percentile 0.7923"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":0.0,"detail":"none found"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":6.16,"detail":"base score 8.8"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]}}