{"id":"CVE-2025-30406","published":"2025-04-03T20:15:24Z","modified":"2026-06-17T09:08:40Z","title":"Gladinet CentreStack and Triofox Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key Vulnerability","vendor":"Gladinet","product":"CentreStack","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"Gladinet CentreStack through 16.1.10296.56315 (fixed in 16.4.10315.56368) has a deserialization vulnerability due to the CentreStack portal's hardcoded machineKey use, as exploited in the wild in March 2025. This enables threat actors (who know the machineKey) to serialize a payload for server-side deserialization to achieve remote code execution. NOTE: a CentreStack admin can manually delete the machineKey defined in portal\\web.config.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"Gladinet CentreStack's portal relies on a hard-coded machineKey, which is a flaw in how the product handles cryptographic keys and credentials. An attacker who knows that machineKey can craft a serialized payload that the server deserializes, allowing remote code execution. The attack requires only network access to the portal, with no authentication or user interaction needed. The machineKey is defined in portal\\web.config and can be removed manually by a CentreStack administrator as a mitigation.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-23T07:11:45Z"},"cvss":{"score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.94343,"percentile":0.9985,"date":"2026-10-30","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2025-04-08","dueDate":"2025-04-29","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","notes":"https://gladinetsupport.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/gladinet/securityadvisory-cve-2005.pdf ; https://gladinetsupport.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/gladinet/securityadvisory-cve-2025-triofox.pdf ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30406","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2025-04-04","exploitedFirstSeen":"2025-04-04","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://gladinetsupport.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/gladinet/securityadvisory-cve-2025-triofox.pdf","date":"2025-04-04"},{"url":"https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-30406","date":"2025-04-04"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2025-04-08"},{"url":"https://www.huntress.com/blog/cve-2025-30406-critical-gladinet-centrestack-triofox-vulnerability-exploited-in-the-wild","date":"2025-04-14"},{"url":"https://attackerkb.com/assessments/2bb4e3bd-b6fd-4241-a58b-9067960e0375","date":"2025-04-15"},{"url":"https://www.huntress.com/blog/do-tigers-really-change-their-stripes","date":"2025-05-06"},{"url":"https://app.crowdsec.net/cti/cve-explorer/CVE-2025-30406","date":"2025-06-16"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2025-07-31&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-30406","date":"2025-07-31"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2025-08-02&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-30406","date":"2025-08-02"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2025-08-06&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-30406","date":"2025-08-06"}],"evidenceTotal":211,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 30, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae35d889ea92b4ce19c2680","created":"2026-10-29"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-798","name":"Use of Hard-coded Credentials"},{"id":"CWE-321","name":"Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key"}],"references":[{"url":"https://gladinetsupport.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/gladinet/securityadvisory-cve-2005.pdf","tags":["Mitigation","Patch","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.centrestack.com/p/gce_latest_release.html","tags":["Release Notes"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-30406","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1203","name":"Exploitation for Client Execution","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Hard-coded Credentials","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[],"comment":"This vulnerability has been exploited to give threat actors with knowledge of the CentreStack portal's machineKey the ability to craft malicious payloads for remote code execution.","confidence":"low","confidenceNote":"server-side bug exploitable without user interaction; client-execution technique does not fit"},{"id":"T1059","name":"Command and Scripting Interpreter","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Hard-coded Credentials","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"This vulnerability has been exploited to give threat actors with knowledge of the CentreStack portal's machineKey the ability to craft malicious payloads for remote code execution.","confidence":"high"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2025-9671","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-9671","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2025-04-08","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":{"pocGithub":{"count":2,"skipped":0,"earliest":"2025-04-24","earliestUrl":"https://github.com/W01fh4cker/CVE-2025-30406","repos":[{"name":"mchklt/CVE-2025-30406","url":"https://github.com/mchklt/CVE-2025-30406","stars":90,"created":"2025-07-31"},{"name":"W01fh4cker/CVE-2025-30406","url":"https://github.com/W01fh4cker/CVE-2025-30406","stars":12,"created":"2025-04-24"}]},"metasploit":[{"name":"Gladinet CentreStack/Triofox ASP.NET ViewState Deserialization","module":"exploit/windows/http/gladinet_viewstate_deserialization_cve_2025_30406","type":"exploit","disclosureDate":"2025-04-03","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/windows/http/gladinet_viewstate_deserialization_cve_2025_30406.rb"}],"nuclei":[{"id":"CVE-2025-30406","name":"Gladinet CentreStack < 16.4.10315.56368 Use of Hard-coded Key Leads to Unauthenticated RCE","severity":"critical","path":"http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-30406.yaml","url":"https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-30406.yaml"}],"first":{"date":"2025-04-03","source":"Metasploit","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/windows/http/gladinet_viewstate_deserialization_cve_2025_30406.rb"},"provenance":"source"},"detections":{"cveRules":[{"title":"Suspicious Process Spawned by CentreStack Portal AppPool","id":"2d79e371-2a27-42de-87a4-b4213fc72a6a","level":"high","status":"experimental","path":"rules-emerging-threats/2025/Exploits/CVE-2025-30406/proc_creation_win_exploit_cve_2025_30406_centrestack_portal_child_process.yml","url":"https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma/blob/master/rules-emerging-threats/2025/Exploits/CVE-2025-30406/proc_creation_win_exploit_cve_2025_30406_centrestack_portal_child_process.yml","techniques":["T1059.003","T1505.003"]}]},"exploitRefs":[],"flow":[{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1059"],"provenance":"source"},{"stage":"related","techniques":["T1203"],"provenance":"source","lowConfidence":true}],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-04-03","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30406","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-04-03","kind":"exploit-public","label":"First public exploit: Metasploit; later: PoC-in-GitHub 2025-04-24","url":"https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework/blob/master/modules/exploits/windows/http/gladinet_viewstate_deserialization_cve_2025_30406.rb","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-04-04","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://gladinetsupport.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/gladinet/securityadvisory-cve-2025-triofox.pdf","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-04-08","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-04-08","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-9671","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":0,"firstExploitFrom":"Metasploit","daysToKev":5},"priority":{"score":69.8,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 575 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":19.97,"detail":"percentile 0.9985"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":5.0,"detail":"2 PoC-in-GitHub repos; 1 Metasploit module; 1 nuclei template"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":6.86,"detail":"base score 9.8"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]}}