{"id":"CVE-2025-32756","published":"2025-05-13T15:15:57Z","modified":"2026-06-17T09:12:32Z","title":"Fortinet Multiple Products Stack-Based Buffer Overflow Vulnerability","vendor":"Fortinet","product":"Multiple Products","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability [CWE-121] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiCamera 2.1.0 through 2.1.3, FortiCamera 2.0 all versions, FortiCamera 1.1 all versions, FortiMail 7.6.0 through 7.6.2, FortiMail 7.4.0 through 7.4.4, FortiMail 7.2.0 through 7.2.7, FortiMail 7.0.0 through 7.0.8, FortiNDR 7.6.0, FortiNDR 7.4.0 through 7.4.7, FortiNDR 7.2.0 through 7.2.4, FortiNDR 7.0.0 through 7.0.6, FortiRecorder 7.2.0 through 7.2.3, FortiRecorder 7.0.0 through 7.0.5, FortiRecorder 6.4.0 through 6.4.5, FortiVoice 7.2.0, FortiVoice 7.0.0 through 7.0.6, FortiVoice 6.4.0 through 6.4.10 allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via sending HTTP requests with specially crafted hash cookie.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"A stack-based buffer overflow in Fortinet's FortiCamera, FortiMail, FortiNDR, FortiRecorder and FortiVoice products, across the affected version ranges listed for each. An attacker who can reach the product over the network and send crafted HTTP requests with a malicious hash cookie can execute arbitrary code or commands on the device, without needing credentials or any user interaction.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-29T07:53:49Z"},"cvss":{"score":9.8,"severity":"CRITICAL","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.30944,"percentile":0.98255,"date":"2026-10-29","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2025-05-14","dueDate":"2025-06-04","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","notes":"https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-254 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32756","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2025-05-13","exploitedFirstSeen":"2025-05-13","ransomware":true,"evidence":[{"url":"https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-254","date":"2025-05-13"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2025-05-14"},{"url":"https://www.rapid7.com/blog/post/2025/05/14/etr-multiple-fortinet-products-cve-2025-32756-exploited-in-the-wild/","date":"2025-05-14"},{"url":"https://horizon3.ai/attack-research/vulnerabilities/cve-2025-32756/","date":"2025-05-23"},{"url":"https://app.crowdsec.net/cti/cve-explorer/CVE-2025-32756","date":"2025-06-08"},{"url":"https://www.enisa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/2025-10/ENISA%20Threat%20Landscape%202025.pdf","date":"2025-10-09"},{"url":"https://cyble.com/resources/research-reports/global-cybersecurity-report/","date":"2025-12-11"},{"url":"https://www.guidepointsecurity.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/GRIT-2026-Ransomware-and-Cyber-Threat-Report.pdf","date":"2026-01-15"},{"url":"https://www.loginsoft.com/reports/annually/vulnerability-intelligence-report-2025","date":"2026-01-20"},{"url":"https://www.bitsight.com/blog/rondodox-botnet-infrastructure-analysis","date":"2026-03-11"}],"evidenceTotal":10,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 30, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae35d889ea92b4ce19c2680","created":"2026-10-29"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-787","name":"Out-of-bounds Write"},{"id":"CWE-121","name":"Stack-based Buffer Overflow"},{"id":"CWE-124","name":"Buffer Underwrite"}],"references":[{"url":"https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-254","tags":["Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-32756","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1133","name":"External Remote Services","tactics":["initial-access","persistence"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Buffer Overflow","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[],"comment":"Attackers use a Python script (publicly available or custom) to send a malformed POST request, triggering a buffer overflow. From there, they execute remote code and malicious payloads (i.e. malware), harvest credentials, move laterally over the network, erase logs to avoid detection, and exfiltrate data over C2.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1059","name":"Command and Scripting Interpreter","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Buffer Overflow","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"Attackers use a Python script (publicly available or custom) to send a malformed POST request, triggering a buffer overflow. From there, they execute remote code and malicious payloads (i.e. malware), harvest credentials, move laterally over the network, erase logs to avoid detection, and exfiltrate data over C2.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1003","name":"OS Credential Dumping","tactics":["credential-access"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Buffer Overflow","mappingType":"secondary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"Attackers use a Python script (publicly available or custom) to send a malformed POST request, triggering a buffer overflow. From there, they execute remote code and malicious payloads (i.e. malware), harvest credentials, move laterally over the network by scanning for other devices, erase logs to avoid detection, and exfiltrate data over C2.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1041","name":"Exfiltration Over C2 Channel","tactics":["exfiltration"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Buffer Overflow","mappingType":"secondary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"Attackers use a Python script (publicly available or custom) to send a malformed POST request, triggering a buffer overflow. From there, they execute remote code and malicious payloads (i.e. malware), harvest credentials, move laterally over the network by scanning for other devices, erase logs to avoid detection, and exfiltrate data over C2.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1046","name":"Network Service Discovery","tactics":["discovery"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Buffer Overflow","mappingType":"secondary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"Attackers use a Python script (publicly available or custom) to send a malformed POST request, triggering a buffer overflow. From there, they execute remote code and malicious payloads (i.e. malware), harvest credentials, move laterally over the network by scanning for other devices, erase logs to avoid detection, and exfiltrate data over C2.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1070.004","name":"File Deletion","tactics":["stealth"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Buffer Overflow","mappingType":"secondary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"Attackers use a Python script (publicly available or custom) to send a malformed POST request, triggering a buffer overflow. From there, they execute remote code and malicious payloads (i.e. malware), harvest credentials, move laterally over the network by scanning for other devices, erase logs to avoid detection, and exfiltrate data over C2.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1608.001","name":"Upload Malware","tactics":["resource-development"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Buffer Overflow","mappingType":"secondary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"Attackers use a Python script (publicly available or custom) to send a malformed POST request, triggering a buffer overflow. From there, they execute remote code and malicious payloads (i.e. malware), harvest credentials, move laterally over the network, erase logs to avoid detection, and exfiltrate data over C2.","confidence":"high"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2025-14705","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-14705","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2025-05-14","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":{"pocGithub":{"count":3,"skipped":2,"earliest":"2025-05-18","earliestUrl":"https://github.com/exfil0/CVE-2025-32756-POC","repos":[{"name":"kn0x0x/CVE-2025-32756-POC","url":"https://github.com/kn0x0x/CVE-2025-32756-POC","stars":193,"created":"2025-06-05"},{"name":"exfil0/CVE-2025-32756-POC","url":"https://github.com/exfil0/CVE-2025-32756-POC","stars":4,"created":"2025-05-18"},{"name":"becrevex/CVE-2025-32756","url":"https://github.com/becrevex/CVE-2025-32756","stars":0,"created":"2025-06-09"}]},"first":{"date":"2025-05-18","source":"PoC-in-GitHub","url":"https://github.com/exfil0/CVE-2025-32756-POC"},"provenance":"source"},"exploitRefs":[],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1133"],"provenance":"source"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1059"],"provenance":"source"},{"stage":"secondary","techniques":["T1608.001","T1070.004","T1003","T1046","T1041"],"provenance":"source"}],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-05-13","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-32756","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-05-13","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-254","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-05-14","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-05-14","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-14705","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-05-18","kind":"exploit-public","label":"First public exploit: PoC-in-GitHub","url":"https://github.com/exfil0/CVE-2025-32756-POC","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":5,"firstExploitFrom":"PoC-in-GitHub","daysToKev":1},"priority":{"score":79.5,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 535 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":10.0,"detail":"CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV: Known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":19.65,"detail":"percentile 0.9826"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":5.0,"detail":"3 PoC-in-GitHub repos"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":6.86,"detail":"base score 9.8"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]}}