{"id":"CVE-2025-42999","published":"2025-05-13T01:15:48Z","modified":"2026-08-11T04:17:17Z","title":"SAP NetWeaver Deserialization Vulnerability","vendor":"SAP","product":"NetWeaver","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"SAP NetWeaver Visual Composer Metadata Uploader is vulnerable when a privileged user can upload untrusted or malicious content which, when deserialized, could potentially lead to a compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the host system.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"SAP NetWeaver's Visual Composer Metadata Uploader contains a deserialization flaw, caused by the handling of untrusted data, that affects the component's processing of uploaded content. An attacker holding privileged credentials over the network can upload crafted, malicious content that, once deserialized, could compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the host system, with no user interaction required.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-23T06:58:40Z"},"cvss":{"score":9.1,"severity":"CRITICAL","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.12854,"percentile":0.96287,"date":"2026-10-29","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2025-05-15","dueDate":"2025-06-05","ransomware":true,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","notes":"SAP users must have an account to log in and access the patch: https://me.sap.com/notes/3604119 ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-42999","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2025-04-27","exploitedFirstSeen":"2025-04-27","ransomware":true,"evidence":[{"url":"https://onapsis.com/blog/active-exploitation-of-sap-vulnerability-cve-2025-31324/","date":"2025-04-27"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2025-05-15"},{"url":"https://onapsis.com/blog/new-exploit-for-cve-2025-31324/","date":"2025-08-15"},{"url":"https://www.acn.gov.it/portale/w/sap-security-patch-day-4","date":"2025-08-20"},{"url":"https://cyble.com/blog/vulnerabilities-under-attack/","date":"2025-09-23"},{"url":"https://cyble.com/resources/research-reports/global-cybersecurity-report/","date":"2025-12-11"},{"url":"https://www.loginsoft.com/reports/annually/vulnerability-intelligence-report-2025","date":"2026-01-20"},{"url":"https://wwv.vulncheck.com/2026-vulncheck-exploit-intelligence-report","date":"2026-02-25"},{"url":"https://securelist.com/global-report-security-services-2026/119233/","date":"2026-03-25"},{"url":"https://25502531.fs1.hubspotusercontent-eu1.net/hubfs/25502531/Ransomware%20Trends%20Report%20Q4%202025.pdf","date":"2026-04-10"}],"evidenceTotal":10,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 30, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae35d889ea92b4ce19c2680","created":"2026-10-29"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-502","name":"Deserialization of Untrusted Data"}],"references":[{"url":"https://me.sap.com/notes/3604119","tags":["Permissions Required"]},{"url":"https://url.sap/sapsecuritypatchday","tags":["Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://onapsis.com/blog/active-exploitation-of-sap-vulnerability-cve-2025-31324/","tags":["Exploit","Third Party Advisory"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-42999","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1190","name":"Exploit Public-Facing Application","tactics":["initial-access"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Deserialization of Untrusted Data","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[],"comment":"This deserialization vulnerability in NetWeaver Visual Composer, when chained with CVE-2025-31324, allows an attacker to execute unauthenticated remote code with administrator privileges, leading to consequences such as web shell deployment.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1203","name":"Exploitation for Client Execution","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Deserialization of Untrusted Data","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[],"comment":"This deserialization vulnerability in NetWeaver Visual Composer, when chained with CVE-2025-31324, allows an attacker to execute unauthenticated remote code with administrator privileges, leading to consequences such as web shell deployment.","confidence":"low","confidenceNote":"server-side bug exploitable without user interaction; client-execution technique does not fit"},{"id":"T1059","name":"Command and Scripting Interpreter","tactics":["execution"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Deserialization of Untrusted Data","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"This deserialization vulnerability in NetWeaver Visual Composer, when chained with CVE-2025-31324, allows an attacker to execute unauthenticated remote code with administrator privileges, leading to consequences such as web shell deployment.","confidence":"high"},{"id":"T1505.003","name":"Web Shell","tactics":["persistence"],"provenance":"source","basis":"ctid-kev","bases":["ctid-kev"],"basisDetail":"CTID Mappings Explorer KEV 07/28/2025 (ATT&CK 16.1); capability: Deserialization of Untrusted Data","mappingType":"secondary_impact","evidence":[],"comment":"This deserialization vulnerability in NetWeaver Visual Composer, when chained with CVE-2025-31324, allows an attacker to execute unauthenticated remote code with administrator privileges, leading to consequences such as web shell deployment.","confidence":"high"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2025-14349","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-14349","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2025-05-15","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":null,"exploitRefs":["https://onapsis.com/blog/active-exploitation-of-sap-vulnerability-cve-2025-31324/"],"flow":[{"stage":"exploitation","techniques":["T1190"],"provenance":"source"},{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1059"],"provenance":"source"},{"stage":"secondary","techniques":["T1505.003"],"provenance":"source"},{"stage":"related","techniques":["T1203"],"provenance":"source","lowConfidence":true}],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-04-27","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://onapsis.com/blog/active-exploitation-of-sap-vulnerability-cve-2025-31324/","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-05-13","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-42999","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-05-15","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV (known ransomware use)","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-05-15","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-14349","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":null,"firstExploitFrom":null,"daysToKev":2},"priority":{"score":78.6,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":0.0,"detail":"added 551 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":10.0,"detail":"CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV: Known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":19.26,"detail":"percentile 0.9629"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":5.0,"detail":"1 NVD reference tagged Exploit"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":6.37,"detail":"base score 9.1"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]}}