{"id":"CVE-2025-66567","published":"2025-12-09T01:55:06Z","modified":"2025-12-09T16:02:57Z","title":"ruby-saml has a SAML authentication bypass due to namespace handling (parser differential)","vendor":"SAML-Toolkits","product":"ruby-saml","tier":"tail","description":{"text":"The ruby-saml library is for implementing the client side of a SAML authorization. ruby-saml versions up to and including 1.12.4 contain an authentication bypass vulnerability due to an incomplete fix for CVE-2025-25292. ReXML and Nokogiri parse XML differently, generating entirely different document structures from the same input. This allows an attacker to execute a Signature Wrapping attack. This issue is fixed in version 1.18.0.","provenance":"source","from":"CVE.org"},"cvss":{"score":9.3,"severity":"CRITICAL","version":"4.0","vector":"CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N","provenance":"source","from":"CVE.org CNA"},"epss":{"score":0.00417,"percentile":0.35962,"provenance":"source"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-347","name":"Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature"}],"references":[{"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/security/advisories/GHSA-9v8j-x534-2fx3","tags":["x_refsource_CONFIRM"]},{"url":"https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]},{"url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-754f-8gm6-c4r2","tags":["x_refsource_MISC"]}],"priority":{"score":13.7,"factors":[{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":7.19},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":6.51}]},"vendorSlug":"saml-toolkits","affectedVersions":[{"vendor":"SAML-Toolkits","product":"ruby-saml","versions":["< 1.18.0"]}],"affected":[{"ecosystem":"RubyGems","package":"ruby-saml","vulnerableRanges":["<1.18.0"],"patched":["1.18.0"],"from":["GHSA-9v8j-x534-2fx3"],"provenance":"source"}],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2025-201812","exploited":false,"provenance":"source"},"lineage":{"familyId":"fam-saml-toolkits-ruby-saml-cve-2024-45409","parents":[{"from":"CVE-2025-25292","to":"CVE-2025-66567","relation":"incomplete-fix","confidence":"high","kind":"lineage","evidence":[{"kind":"text","provenance":"source","relation":"incomplete-fix","quote":"The ruby-saml library is for implementing the client side of a SAML authorization. ruby-saml versions up to and including 1.12.4 contain an authentication bypass vulnerability due to an incomplete fix for CVE-2025-25292.","from":"CVE.org","in":"CVE-2025-66567"},{"kind":"osv-related","provenance":"source","id":"GHSA-754f-8gm6-c4r2","via":"related"},{"kind":"osv-related","provenance":"source","id":"GHSA-9v8j-x534-2fx3","via":"reference","url":"https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-754f-8gm6-c4r2"}]},{"from":"CVE-2024-45409","to":"CVE-2025-66567","relation":"related","confidence":"medium","kind":"lineage","evidence":[{"kind":"same-code","provenance":"machine","files":["lib/xml_security.rb"],"commits":["https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/1ec5392bc506fe43a02dbb66b68741051c5ffeae","https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/4865d030cae9705ee5cdb12415c654c634093ae7","https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97"],"basis":"shared function","functions":["validate_signature"]}]},{"from":"CVE-2025-25293","to":"CVE-2025-66567","relation":"related","confidence":"medium","kind":"lineage","evidence":[{"kind":"same-code","provenance":"machine","files":["lib/onelogin/ruby-saml/saml_message.rb"],"commits":["https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/acac9e9cc0b9a507882c614f25d41f8b47be349a","https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e2da4c6dae7dc01a4d9cd221395140a67e2b3eb1","https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97"],"basis":"shared function","functions":["decode_raw_saml"]}]}],"children":[{"from":"CVE-2025-66567","to":"CVE-2025-66568","relation":"related","confidence":"medium","kind":"lineage","evidence":[{"kind":"same-code","provenance":"machine","files":["lib/onelogin/ruby-saml/saml_message.rb"],"commits":["https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/e9c1cdbd0f9afa467b585de279db0cbd0fb8ae97","https://github.com/SAML-Toolkits/ruby-saml/commit/acac9e9cc0b9a507882c614f25d41f8b47be349a"],"basis":"shared function","functions":["decode_raw_saml"]}]}]}}