{"id":"CVE-2025-68645","published":"2025-12-22T18:16:17Z","modified":"2026-06-17T09:59:22Z","title":"Synacor Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) PHP Remote File Inclusion Vulnerability","vendor":"Synacor","product":" Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS)","tier":"core","eol":null,"description":{"text":"A Local File Inclusion (LFI) vulnerability exists in the Webmail Classic UI of Zimbra Collaboration (ZCS) 10.0 and 10.1 because of improper handling of user-supplied request parameters in the RestFilter servlet. An unauthenticated remote attacker can craft requests to the /h/rest endpoint to influence internal request dispatching, allowing inclusion of arbitrary files from the WebRoot directory.","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"summary":{"text":"A Local File Inclusion flaw in the Webmail Classic UI of Synacor's Zimbra Collaboration Suite (ZCS) 10.0 and 10.1 stems from improper handling of user-supplied request parameters in the RestFilter servlet. An unauthenticated remote attacker who can reach the /h/rest endpoint can craft requests that cause arbitrary files from the WebRoot directory to be included, and exploitation requires user interaction.","provenance":"ai","model":"claude-haiku-5-5","generatedAt":"2026-10-29T13:44:13Z"},"cvss":{"score":8.8,"severity":"HIGH","version":"3.1","vector":"CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","provenance":"source","from":"NVD"},"epss":{"score":0.48873,"percentile":0.98874,"date":"2026-10-29","provenance":"source"},"kev":{"dateAdded":"2026-01-22","dueDate":"2026-02-12","ransomware":false,"requiredAction":"Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.","notes":"https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Security_Center ; https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68645","provenance":"source"},"vulncheckKev":{"dateAdded":"2026-01-14","exploitedFirstSeen":"2026-01-14","ransomware":false,"evidence":[{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2026-01-14&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-68645","date":"2026-01-14"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2026-01-17&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-68645","date":"2026-01-17"},{"url":"https://app.crowdsec.net/cti/cve-explorer/CVE-2025-68645","date":"2026-01-19"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2026-01-20&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-68645","date":"2026-01-20"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2026-01-21&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-68645","date":"2026-01-21"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2026-01-22&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-68645","date":"2026-01-22"},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/sites/default/files/feeds/known_exploited_vulnerabilities.json","date":"2026-01-22"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2026-01-29&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-68645","date":"2026-01-29"},{"url":"https://www.fortiguard.com/outbreak-alert/zimbra-collaboration-lfi","date":"2026-01-30"},{"url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2026-01-31&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-68645","date":"2026-01-31"}],"evidenceTotal":146,"provenance":"source"},"exploited":true,"otx":{"pulseCount":50,"pulses":[{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 30, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae35d889ea92b4ce19c2680","created":"2026-10-29"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 29, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae20c1db17e7057ae7d9ad1","created":"2026-10-28"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 28, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ae0ba7e0e2a97ff7b218819","created":"2026-10-27"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 27, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adf68b85c3e852f3c111d18","created":"2026-10-26"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 24, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6adb740e397c3ad4799aa4cd","created":"2026-10-23"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 23, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ada236fcfba2dfa730ea482","created":"2026-10-22"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 22, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad8d33a077cbb5cab524d80","created":"2026-10-21"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 21, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad78130c4d1ac2be83a8b6d","created":"2026-10-20"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 20, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad62f63c24a405a3423cc13","created":"2026-10-19"},{"name":"Actively_Exploited_Kev | Oct 19, 2026","url":"https://otx.alienvault.com/pulse/6ad4dda174e5797d0bd238b7","created":"2026-10-18"}],"provenance":"machine"},"cwes":[{"id":"CWE-98","name":"Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program"}],"references":[{"url":"https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Security_Center","tags":["Release Notes","Vendor Advisory"]},{"url":"https://wiki.zimbra.com/wiki/Zimbra_Responsible_Disclosure_Policy","tags":["Product"]},{"url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-68645","tags":["US Government Resource"]}],"techniques":[{"id":"T1190","name":"Exploit Public-Facing Application","tactics":["initial-access"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: Unauthenticated remote exploitation of public-facing web application","mappingType":"exploitation_technique","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"An unauthenticated remote attacker can craft requests to the /h/rest endpoint","start":212,"end":289}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"low","confidenceNote":"needs user interaction; not a public-facing exploit"},{"id":"T1005","name":"Data from Local System","tactics":["collection"],"provenance":"ai","basis":"ai-mapping","bases":["ai-mapping"],"basisDetail":"claude-haiku-5-5: File inclusion enables reading local files","mappingType":"primary_impact","evidence":[{"from":"description","quote":"allowing inclusion of arbitrary files from the WebRoot directory","start":333,"end":397}],"model":"claude-haiku-5-5","confidence":"medium","confidenceNote":"AI-mapped from the description (quote-validated, not expert-reviewed)"}],"reports":[],"affected":[],"advisories":[],"euvd":{"id":"EUVD-2025-204719","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-204719","exploited":true,"exploitedSince":"2026-01-22","provenance":"source"},"exploits":[],"exploitSources":{"pocGithub":{"count":5,"skipped":2,"earliest":"2025-12-30","earliestUrl":"https://github.com/codeb0ssx/CVE-2025-68645-PoC","repos":[{"name":"MaxMnMl/zimbramail-CVE-2025-68645-poc","url":"https://github.com/MaxMnMl/zimbramail-CVE-2025-68645-poc","stars":3,"created":"2026-01-01"},{"name":"codeb0ssx/CVE-2025-68645-PoC","url":"https://github.com/codeb0ssx/CVE-2025-68645-PoC","stars":2,"created":"2025-12-30"},{"name":"0xredash/CVE-2025-68645","url":"https://github.com/0xredash/CVE-2025-68645","stars":2,"created":"2026-04-24"},{"name":"HarisAidhin/Poc_CVE-2025-68645","url":"https://github.com/HarisAidhin/Poc_CVE-2025-68645","stars":1,"created":"2026-05-06"},{"name":"Ashwesker/Ashwesker-CVE-2025-68645","url":"https://github.com/Ashwesker/Ashwesker-CVE-2025-68645","stars":0,"created":"2026-08-07"}]},"nuclei":[{"id":"CVE-2025-68645","name":"Zimbra Collaboration - Local File Inclusion","severity":"high","path":"http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-68645.yaml","url":"https://github.com/projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates/blob/main/http/cves/2025/CVE-2025-68645.yaml"}],"first":{"date":"2025-12-30","source":"PoC-in-GitHub","url":"https://github.com/codeb0ssx/CVE-2025-68645-PoC"},"provenance":"source"},"exploitRefs":[],"flow":[{"stage":"primary","techniques":["T1005"],"provenance":"ai"},{"stage":"related","techniques":["T1190"],"provenance":"ai","lowConfidence":true}],"timeline":[{"date":"2025-12-22","kind":"published","label":"Published (NVD)","url":"https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-68645","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2025-12-30","kind":"exploit-public","label":"First public exploit: PoC-in-GitHub","url":"https://github.com/codeb0ssx/CVE-2025-68645-PoC","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2026-01-14","kind":"exploited-reported","label":"Exploitation first reported (VulnCheck KEV evidence)","url":"https://dashboard.shadowserver.org/statistics/honeypot/vulnerability/map/?day=2026-01-14&host_type=src&vulnerability=cve-2025-68645","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2026-01-22","kind":"kev","label":"Added to CISA KEV","url":"https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog","provenance":"source"},{"date":"2026-01-22","kind":"euvd-exploited","label":"ENISA EUVD: exploited","url":"https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-204719","provenance":"source"}],"speed":{"daysToPublicExploit":8,"firstExploitFrom":"PoC-in-GitHub","daysToKev":31},"priority":{"score":73.9,"factors":[{"name":"In a KEV catalog","points":35.0,"detail":"listed in CISA KEV and VulnCheck KEV"},{"name":"Recent KEV listing","points":5.0,"detail":"added 289 days ago"},{"name":"Known ransomware use","points":0.0,"detail":"not known"},{"name":"EPSS percentile","points":19.77,"detail":"percentile 0.9887"},{"name":"Named in threat reports","points":0.0,"detail":"0 reports"},{"name":"Public exploit code","points":5.0,"detail":"5 PoC-in-GitHub repos; 1 nuclei template"},{"name":"Mentioned in OTX pulses","points":3.0,"detail":"50 pulses"},{"name":"CVSS severity","points":6.16,"detail":"base score 8.8"},{"name":"End-of-life product","points":0.0,"detail":"supported or unknown"}]}}