SummaryAI-written · claude-haiku-5-5AI-written · claude-haiku-5-5Written by a language model from the source data on this page. Not reviewed by a person. Generated 29 Oct 2026.
The flaw is an improper input validation issue in Apache Struts, versions 2.0.0 through 2.3.15, where parameter values with a crafted action:, redirect:, or redirectAction: prefix are processed as OGNL expressions. An unauthenticated remote attacker with network access can exploit it by sending a crafted request, with no user interaction or special configuration required, to execute arbitrary OGNL expressions.
Official description · NVDSource dataSource dataCopied from an authoritative feed: NVD, CVE.org, CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS or MITRE CTID mappings, or labelled by the annotators of a published dataset. Copied from NVD.
Apache Struts 2.0.0 through 2.3.15 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary OGNL expressions via a parameter with a crafted (1) action:, (2) redirect:, or (3) redirectAction: prefix.
Priority scorePatchfirst’s 0 to 100 ranking. It adds points for CISA KEV listing, ransomware use, EPSS, threat reports, public exploit code and CVSS. Every CVE page shows the breakdown.Breakdown
69.9 / 100
Exploited
Yes, in CISA KEV
Reports
0
Tactics
2/15
How an attack unfolds
Based on MITRE ATT&CKA public catalogue of the techniques attackers use, maintained by MITRE. Patchfirst uses it to describe what attackers do with a vulnerability. mappings. Select a step to see the evidence.
Exploitation timelineDated milestones for a CVE: when it was disclosed, when exploit code became public, when exploitation was confirmed, and when threat reports named it.
First seen exploited 7 years after disclosure. Public exploit code (Metasploit) was available 18 days before disclosure.
CISA KEV listing is when exploitation was confirmed, not necessarily the first attack.
Patch historyEarlier and later CVEs in the same code, in date order. It shows when a fix was bypassed or incomplete and which version finally fixed it.
8 related vulnerabilities in the same code over 5 years. The latest fix listed for struts2-core is 2.3.16.
Same bug familyLinked by evidence that a fix failed or the same code was patched again. Oldest first.
CVE-2013-2134Struts 2 before 2.3.14.3 allows remote attackers to execute…16 Jul 2013
same family
CVE-2013-2135Struts 2 before 2.3.14.3 allows remote attackers to execute…16 Jul 2013
Next fix in the same packageHigh
Why these are linked: Link confidenceHow strong the evidence is that two CVEs are related. High: stated in the CVE text or linked in an advisory, or the same code was patched one release apart. Medium: the same code, or a version step plus a similar description. Low: similar description only.
Fixed one release later2.3.14.3 → 2.3.15.1 (org.apache.struts:struts2-core)
CVE-2013-2248Multiple open redirect vulnerabilities in Apache Struts 2.0.0…18 Jul 2013
same family
This CVECVE-2013-2251Struts Improper Input Validation20 Jul 2013KEV
relatedMedium
Why these are linked: Link confidenceHow strong the evidence is that two CVEs are related. High: stated in the CVE text or linked in an advisory, or the same code was patched one release apart. Medium: the same code, or a version step plus a similar description. Low: similar description only.
CVE-2013-4310Struts 2.0.0 through 2.3.15.1 allows remote attackers to bypass…30 Sep 2013
relatedHigh
Why these are linked: Link confidenceHow strong the evidence is that two CVEs are related. High: stated in the CVE text or linked in an advisory, or the same code was patched one release apart. Medium: the same code, or a version step plus a similar description. Low: similar description only.
Fixed one release later2.3.15.2 → 2.3.15.3 (org.apache.struts:struts2-core)
CVE-2013-4316Struts 2.0.0 through 2.3.15.1 enables Dynamic Method Invocation…30 Sep 2013
relatedMedium
Why these are linked: Link confidenceHow strong the evidence is that two CVEs are related. High: stated in the CVE text or linked in an advisory, or the same code was patched one release apart. Medium: the same code, or a version step plus a similar description. Low: similar description only.
CVE-2016-4438The REST plugin in Apache Struts 2 2.3.19 through 2.3.28.1…4 Jul 2016
relatedMedium
Why these are linked: Link confidenceHow strong the evidence is that two CVEs are related. High: stated in the CVE text or linked in an advisory, or the same code was patched one release apart. Medium: the same code, or a version step plus a similar description. Low: similar description only.
MITRE ATT&CKA public catalogue of the techniques attackers use, maintained by MITRE. Patchfirst uses it to describe what attackers do with a vulnerability. techniques
2 TechniqueOne specific attacker behaviour in MITRE ATT&CK, such as T1190 “Exploit Public-Facing Application”. IDs with a dot, like T1059.004, are sub-techniques., grouped by TacticThe attacker’s goal at a stage of an attack in MITRE ATT&CK, such as Initial Access or Persistence. Each technique belongs to one or more tactics. in kill-chain order, 2 cited passagesAIAI-writtenWritten by a language model from the source data on this page. Not reviewed by a person.2
Initial AccessTA0001
Exploit Public-Facing ApplicationT1190Medium Confidence (technique links)How sure Patchfirst is that an ATT&CK technique applies to this CVE. High and medium links are shown by default; low ones come from early or generic mappings, text matching, or contradict the CVE’s details.
AI-written · claude-haiku-5-5AI-written · claude-haiku-5-5Written by a language model from the source data on this page. Not reviewed by a person. claude-haiku-5-5: Remote attacker exploits public-facing Struts application.AI mapping from the description · how it is exploited
Command and Scripting InterpreterT1059Medium Confidence (technique links)How sure Patchfirst is that an ATT&CK technique applies to this CVE. High and medium links are shown by default; low ones come from early or generic mappings, text matching, or contradict the CVE’s details.
AI-written · claude-haiku-5-5AI-written · claude-haiku-5-5Written by a language model from the source data on this page. Not reviewed by a person. claude-haiku-5-5: OGNL expression execution yields arbitrary code execution.AI mapping from the description · primary impact
0 rules for this CVE · 244 general rules for its techniques
Rules for this CVE
0Sigma ruleAn open, vendor-neutral detection rule for log data. Security teams convert Sigma rules into searches for their own SIEM. that reference CVE-2013-2251 directly.
CVE-specific rules are not available in this build. Search SigmaHQ ↗
General rules for this CVE’s techniques
These detect the technique in general, not this specific vulnerability.
From GitHub Security Advisories and OSVSourceSource dataCopied from an authoritative feed: NVD, CVE.org, CISA KEV, FIRST EPSS or MITRE CTID mappings, or labelled by the annotators of a published dataset. GitHub Security Advisories and OSV.
1 package in 1 ecosystem. Main package: org.apache.struts:struts2-core.