Patchfirst
CVE-2021-42278 KEVRansomwarePublic exploit High · 7.5 EPSS 73.3%

Microsoft Active Directory Domain Services Privilege Escalation Vulnerability

Microsoft · Active Directory

Summary

The flaw is an elevation of privilege vulnerability in Microsoft Active Directory Domain Services, a component of Active Directory, stemming from improper input validation. An attacker holding low-privilege credentials on the network can exploit it without any user interaction, with success depending on a high-complexity attack condition, to gain elevated privileges.

Official description · NVD

Active Directory Domain Services Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

Breakdown
82.0 / 100
Exploited
Yes, in CISA KEV
Reports
1
Tactics
4/15

How an attack unfolds

Based on mappings. Select a step to see the evidence.
  1. How attackers get in

  2. What they do

First seen exploited 5 months after disclosure. Public exploit code (PoC-in-GitHub) appeared 31 days after disclosure.

  1. Disclosedday 0
  2. Public exploit codePoC-in-GitHub+31 days
  3. First seen exploitedVulnCheck KEV evidenceAdded to CISA KEVknown ransomware use; EU database agrees+5 mo

CISA KEV listing is when exploitation was confirmed, not necessarily the first attack.

techniques

2 , grouped by in kill-chain order, 2 cited passages 2

Initial AccessTA0001

Valid Accounts T1078 Medium also Persistence, Privilege Escalation, Stealth
AI mapping from the description · primary impact

Escalated privileges enable use of valid accounts

Active Directory Domain Services Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
From the official description (NVD) Original (opens in a new tab) ↗

Privilege EscalationTA0004

Exploitation for Privilege Escalation T1068 Medium
AI mapping from the description · how it is exploited

Vulnerability itself is privilege escalation via exploitation

Active Directory Domain Services Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability
From the official description (NVD) Original (opens in a new tab) ↗

Detection

2 rules for this CVE · 87 general rules for its techniques

Rules for this CVE

2 that reference CVE-2021-42278 directly.

Sigma rules © SigmaHQ, Detection Rule License 1.1; linked, not reproduced.

What security researchers reported

Named in 1 threat report
1 reportGroup-IB

Reports are matched by finding the exact id CVE-2021-42278 in their text; nobody has reviewed the match. One passage is shown per report, at most 320 characters, linked to the original.

Group-IBUndated

RansomHub never sleeps episode 1

The vulnerability labelled as CVE-2021-42278 enables an attacker with limited domain user credentials to obtain a Kerberos service ticket for the domain controller, ultimately allowing them to compromise the domain controller.

2 passages name itOriginal (opens in a new tab) ↗

Also mentioned in 50 community threat pulses (AlienVault OTX)

Weaker evidence

Pulses are indicator collections that anyone can publish. A mention is not confirmation of exploitation.

References

3 links, grouped by NVD tag
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